Nzira Yekusarudza Yakakodzera Hip Implant

A hip prosthesis chigadzirwa chekurapa chinosimwa chine zvikamu zvitatu: chikadzi chechikadzi, musoro wechikadzi uye mukombe weacetabular. Zvikamu zvitatu izvi zvinotsiva mubatanidzwa wehudyu wakakuvadzwa, kudzorera kufamba uye kubvisa marwadzo kumurwere.

01.Ndezvipi zvikamu zve a prosthesis yehudyu?

Iyo hip prosthesis ine zvikamu zvitatu zvikuru:

Dzinde remukadzi

mushure mokubvisa musoro wemukadzi wemurwere, chirwere chechikadzi chemurwere chinodzokororwa uye chidzitiro chechikadzi chinoiswa. Dzinde remukadzi rinogona kunge rakasimwa kana kusamira (press fit technique) zvichienderana nezera remurwere, morphology, idiosyncrasies yebhonzo uye maitiro achiremba.

Femoral Head

Musoro wedenderedzwa wakagadzirwa nesimbi, polima kana ceramic unoiswa kumucheto kwepamusoro kwedzinde remukadzi kutsiva wekare wakakuvadzwa musoro wemukadzi wakabviswa.

Acetabular prosthesis (kana cup prosthesis)

iyo cartilage yakakuvadzwa kubva kumusoro kweacetabulum, uko musoro wekare wechikadzi wakanga uri, unobviswa. Panzvimbo payo pane tapered acetabular prosthesis. Zvirukwa kana simende zvinogona kushandiswa kuibata. Mukati memukombe uyu mune purasitiki, ceramic kana simbi inlay iyo inobatana neiyo prosthetic femoral head.

02. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvikuru zvinoshandiswa muhudyu prostheses?

Hip prostheses inogona kusiyaniswa zvichienderana nemidziyo inoshandiswa kugadzira. Parizvino, zvinhu izvi zvinogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvitatu:

Metals

Dzimwe simbi, dzakadai sesimbi isina tsvina, cobalt-chromium alloy kana titanium inoshandiswa kugadzira madzinde echikadzi.

Polymers

polyethylene, ipurasitiki yakaoma kwazvo uye inonyanya kushandiswa zvinhu munyika. Iyo inert uye yakanyanya biocompatible chinhu chakaunzwa mune orthopedics muma1960s sechikamu chesimende yeacetabular prostheses. Nhasi, nyaya iyi ichiri kushandiswa kune vamwe varwere, asi iyo yakaderera ndeyokuti nekufamba kwenguva, kune ngozi yokuti prosthesis ichapfeka kunze kwepurasitiki, uye naizvozvo hupenyu hweprosthesis huchapfupiswa. Nekudaro, njodzi iyi inogona kuramba ichidzikiswa sezvo vamwe varwere vachikwanisa kuchengeta prosthesis iyi kusvika kumakore makumi matatu uye vamwe kwemakore mashoma chete.

▲Mufananidzo: PROCOTYL® L Acetabular Cup (Minimally Invasive Orthopedic Products: Inoenderana neDelta Ceramic Liners uye A-Kirasi Yakanyanya-Yakabatana Polyethylene Liners)

Nzvimbo yekufamba pakati pemusoro wemukadzi nemukombe wemukadzi inogadzira yatinoti nguva yekukweshana. Ndiyo chikamu chisina kusimba cheprosthesis, kunyanya maererano nekupfeka uye kubvarura. Pane zvina zvinogoneka pairings:

Ceramic-polyethylene

-Ceramic-ceramic

-Metal-polyethylene

-Simbi-simbi

Mumwe nemumwe wekukweshana ane zvazvakanakira uye zvazvakaipira, uye chiremba wemapfupa achasarudza mubatanidzwa wakakodzera wekukwesha zvichienderana nezera remurwere, kuita basa remuviri, uye bhonzo.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti ma prostheses esimbi haawanzo kurudzirwa. Mamwe makambani anogadzira zvigadzirwa zvakadaro zvakasarudza kurega kuzvitengesa muna 2010-2011, uye kuitira kubatsira varwere, vakasarudza kuyeuka izvo zvakaiswa zvisina kushandiswa. Dambudziko racho rinobva mukukweshana kuri pakati pezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvepakuisirwa, uye kukwesha uku kunogona kuburitsa tusimbi tudiki tunobva tapinda muropa. Mukubatana kwehudyu, zviduku zviduku izvi zvinogona kukonzera kusawirirana, zvichiita kuti pave nemarwadzo emunharaunda uye maronda.

03 . Ndedzipi nzira huru dzekugadzirisa hip prostheses?

Prostheses inogona kugadziriswa kune femur kana acetabulum nekuvhiya cementing kana yechipiri bone bone regeneration (uncemented kana compression techniques). Kazhinji, cemented femoral stem inosanganiswa nekapu yevakadzi isina kuisirwa. Hunhu hwehunyanzvi uhu hunotsanangurwa pazasi:

Kuvhiya bhonzo simende nzira inoshandiswa

simende yebhonzo inoshandiswa is an acrylic polymer . Inoomesa mukati memaminitsi gumi nemashanu panguva yekuita uye inogadzirisa pakarepo mushure mekugadzirisa.

Nzira dzisina kugadzirwa kana kudzvanya-fit dzinoshandiswa

Maprostheses asina kumira (prosthetic rods kana makapu) anogadzikana mushure memavhiki matanhatu kusvika gumi nemaviri nekuda kwechiitiko chekuvandudzwa kwemapfupa. Kukurudzira kuvandudzwa kwepfupa, pamusoro peprosthesis inowanzoputirwa nehutete hwakatsetseka hwehydroxyapatite, mineral component yefupa. Bhonzo riri pedyo rinoziva hydroxyapatite sechimwe chezvikamu zvayo uye rinobva rakura nokukurumidza kubva pabhonzo re prosthesis. Hydroxyapatite inogona kugadzirwa nemakemikari.

04. Hudyu prosthesis inotora nguva yakareba sei?

Upenyu hwebasa remaprostheses hwakawedzera mumakore achangopfuura: muvarwere vari pasi pemakore makumi mashanu, chikamu chevarwere vane prostheses vachiri kushanda mushure memakore gumi ekushandiswa inenge 99%.

Nhamba dzakafanana dzinogona kucherechedzwa kune vakura uye saka varwere vanogara. Nokudaro, kuvhiyiwa kwehudyu kunogona kuitwa kune varwere vezera rose.

Hupenyu hwebasa re prosthesis hunoenderana zvakanyanya neizvi zvinotevera zvinhu:

-zera remurwere, index mass index uye danho rekuita

-Kuwanda kwemusoro weprosthetic

-rudzi rwenguva yekukweshana

Muchiitiko chekupedzisira, zvakakosha kuziva kuti hupenyu hurefu hweprosthesis hunoenderana nehukuru hwekuumbwa kweprosthesis. Kana zvese musoro wechikadzi uye kapu yeprosthetic yakagadzirwa nesimbi kana ceramic, zvakanakira zvakanyanya ndeye yakaderera kupfeka mwero uye mukana wekushandisa wakafara musoro wemukadzi, kudzikisira njodzi yekuparara. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kune ngozi yekupararira kwemarara mumucheka wakakomberedza prosthesis apo simbi-ku-metal uye ceramic-to-ceramic prostheses inobatanidzwa. Kunyange zvazvo masimbi eceramic-ceramic prostheses achiputsika zvishoma pane simbi-metal prostheses uye anonyanya kushingirira kukukurwa kwevhu pane mapeya esimbi-simbi, anofanirwa kushandiswa nekuchenjerera.

05. Ndedzipi njodzi dzinobatanidzwa nehudyu prostheses?

Kuwedzera kune njodzi dzinowanikwa mukuvhiya kupi zvako (njodzi dzeanesthesia, zvirwere zvinotorwa muchipatara), matambudziko anogona kuitika:

Ngozi yekubviswa

ichi ndicho chinonyanya kukanganisa muvarwere uye njodzi inosiyana nekufamba kwenguva. Inonyanya kukwirira mumwedzi yekutanga mushure mekuvhiyiwa uye inoderera mushure megore rokutanga. Inobva yawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma zvakare nekufamba kwenguva. Pane zvinhu zvakati kuti zvinogona kutungamira mukutsemuka, izvo zvingave zvine chekuita nemurwere, kuvhiyiwa uye maimplants, kana postoperative kutevera-up. Ngozi yekudzokorora inowedzera zvakanyanya mushure mechikamu chekutanga chekusagadzikana.

Ngozi yehutachiona

chero nzira yekuvhiya inotakura njodzi yehutachiona, uye kana prosthesis yakasimwa, njodzi iyi inowedzera sezvo mutumbi wekunze unopinda mumuviri. Nenzira iyi, immune system inotsauswa uye nzvimbo yemuno ye immunodeficiency inogadzirwa. Utachiona husina mukana wekurarama hunobva hwakura pamutumbi wekunze uyu. Iyi njodzi yekutapukirwa inogona kunge yakanyanya kune vanhu vakura nekuti vane hurombo hwekudzivirira. Zvimwe zvinhu, zvakadai sokufutisa, izvo zvinokanganisa kupindira, kana chirwere cheshuga, chinoderedza kudzivirirwa kwezvirwere, uye kusvuta, zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi yehutachiona.

Ngozi yeallergic reactions

zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira maprostheses zvine mukana wekukonzera kusawirirana.

Ngozi yekudzokorora kuvhiyiwa

Kukundikana, kupera uye kubvaruka, kana kuputika kweprosthesis kungada kuvhiyiwazve.