Mongobo o kopaneng

01. Bone ba sebopeho sa masapo

The Lengole le nang le masapo a 4: Femur, Tibia, Patella le fitela.

E na le likarolo tse 3: Koranta ea Maliofelil e ntle, kamore ea morao-rao ea melaral ea morao-rao, le kamore ea pente ea morao, le likarolo tse 3 li arolelana le lits'oants'o tse lumellanang.

02.joint sebopeho

Mofuta: thepa e kopaneng

Lengole le na le manonyeletso a 3: Lenonyeletso la matichere le le leng, le kopanetsoeng la morao-rao le monoutlo oa Patelloral.

Lenonyeletso la Tibiofemaral le hokahanya femur ea Damur ho tibia, le litheko tse fapaneng tsa makhethe ho etsa selekane sa ho fifala ha media le sekhechana sa femoral. Tibia e bataletse, empa Meliscus e neng e sekametseng e e tlisetsa kamano e haufi le likhomphutha tsa projecles.

Litlamello tsa Feal li arotsoe ke Fossar Fossar Fossar Fossar, e boetse e tsejoang e le groo ea moea kapa talus ea boemo bo holimo.

Patella ke peo ea peo e kentsoeng kahare ho tendon ea mesifa ea quadriceps le ho kopanya groove ea Trochanteric.

E sebetsa ho ntlafatsa phaello ea mesifa ea Quadriceps. Hlooho ea fibula e fumaneha ka har'a sekotlolo sa mangole empa hangata ha e sebetse e le setsi sa boitšoaro bo botle. Litlale tsa Felial le Tibia tsa Tibia li theha mohala o kopaneng.

03. Botsitso bo kopaneng

Ho tsitsa ha le kopaneng le kopaneng le lisele tse bonolo tse boetse li fana ka tšireletso e kopaneng ka kopanelo.

Tibia le femur ba koaheloa ke lefu le hlabisang lihlong ka hare ho mohono oa mangole.

-The disc-shaped lateral and medial menisci provide additional shock absorption and also distribute forces on the knee throughout the joint.

-Ke litheko tsa ka ntle tsa ligante (ACL) le kamore e ka morao.

-Ka ligament tsa ligariteral tsa meya ea meya ea meya le ligariteral tsa litefo tse hlakisang mangole a nang le masene a bona.

Mekhoa ea ho tsitsisa lengole e kenyelletsa lengole le kenyeletsa bundle ea Iliotiki le karolo ea lenaka la morao-rao.

04. Bursae le Mumbame

Mechini e mengata ea likoluoa ​​ka likotlo e fumaneha ho potoloha lengole, ho kenyelletsa le tendon Sheath Cysts le Synovil Bursae. Window Sheth Cysts ke methapo ea maikutlo a ho beoa le lisele tse ntle tse nang le monko o monate ebile o na le mucus.

Cystliteraal cyst (ke hore, bo-'m'a baker) ke boqapi bo tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa 'meleng. E hlaha ho tloha Bursa pakeng tsa hlooho ea mongobo ea mesifa ea gastrocnemius le semimembranouss tendon. Li-cysts tsa boemo bo phahameng hangata li asymptomathie empa hangata li amahanngoa le mathata a ho sesa a santamele.

Ho na le phano e nne e tloaelehileng ka pel'a lengole. Supurapar Bursa o na le pompo ea mangole le mashano pakeng tsa temo ea makhoaba a matlamo Bursa ea Lokiatellar e lula e le ea ka ntle ho patella. Bursa ea tšireletso e phahameng ea Bursa e shebahala e le ea ikhethang karolong e 'ngoe ea patellor le lipula tse tebileng tsa molao oa patralar le tse ntle. Bursa e phahameng ka ho fetesisa e ka felisoa ke ho hlonama ka nako e telele, ha a ntse a khumama ka nako e telele

Karolo ea mediaria ea lengole e busoa ke Busambat Bursa, Semimembranous Bursa, le Suraratellar Bursatellar Burraparwar Bursatellar Burrapatellar Bursatellar Bursatellar Bursatellar Burrapatella. Bussafoot Bursa e pakeng tsa thibelo ea matangoana ea lifofane tsa morao-rao ea lithuso tsa morao-rao tsa thupa, mesifa e tšesaane e tšesaane le semitendinos. Bursa ea Semimemranouss

05 Khathatso e Khathatsang ea Motion

Ho hlahloba maemo a makae a mangole, na mokuli a nka boemo bo botle mme a fella ka mangole e le hore serethe se haufi le gluiove ea lihlong ka moo ho ka khonehang; Khohlano e tloaelehileng ea ho fetoha ha feto-fetoha ke 130 °.

Ho lekola katoloso ea mohala e nang le mokuli e nka sebaka sa ho lula le ho holisa katoloso e tlotsitsoeng. Katoloso ea mangole a fetang leoto le otlolohileng kapa a sa sitisang (0 °) ke ntho e tloaelehileng ho bakuli ba bang empa e na le khatello ea maikutlo. Hoja e fete ho 9 ° -5 ° ke nehelano e tloaelehileng. Hyperextenteng ho feta mofuta ona o bitsoa knee retroflexion mme ke nehelano e sa tloaelehang.

Teko ea Lisamas e leka ho fetoha ha maemo a quadriceps le balemi ba mollo.

Haeba konteraka ea seliba ea moroalo e teng, lenno la ho hula maemo a tlase ho tla leba siling ho fapana le ho hlakoloa kapa ho theoha ka tafole.

Lengolo la leketjana tafoleng ea tlhatlhobo e bonts'a tekanyo ea konteraka ea mouoane oa kuti.

Haeba ho tiisetsa maemo a quadriceps ho teng, leoto le ka tlase la drape le tla tloha tafoleng ea tlhatlhobo. Lengolo le thehiloeng ke leoto le ka tlase le moleng oa lipompo tsa mobu o bonts'a maemo a tsitsipano ea Quadriceps.

06. Teko ea botsitso bo kopaneng

Tlhahlobo ea lirethewor ea Roower - Tlhahlobo ea lijo tsa ' Tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo ea mokuli e na le matsoho a mokuli ka matsoho ka bobeli ka matsoho a mabeli ka matsoho a chitja ha a ntse a beha marotholi a matsoho a mabeli ka setumo sa mabino. Ho lateloa ka morao ho sebelisoa ho proximal Tibia. Phallo e ka morao ea tibia ea li-tibia tse fetang 0,5-1 le ho fallisoa ka morao ho ho feta ha lehlakore le phelisang le lengata le tlohang ka morao-rao ea lengole.

Tlhahlobo ea QuadricePS Teko ea Ts'ebetso ea Quadricection - e tiisa leoto la mokuli

Teko ea Tital ea Trotal ea Bolulo - Teko ea Tibia e sebelisoa ho bona likotsi tse tsoetseng pele le boteng ba likotsi tsa ligante. Tibia e mpa e potoloha ka ho 30 ° le 90 ° ea ho feto-fetoha ha mangole. Teko e ntle haeba lehlakore le amehang le potoloha ho feta 10 ° -15 ho feta lehlakore le phetseng hantle. E ntle ka 30 ° ho Fleexion ea mangole le ho lemala ha 100 ° le 90 ° ho fana ka kotsi ea ho lemala ka morao le mohanyetsi oa posteroadral.

07. Liagaments tsa Permarticolar

Likhau tse kopaneng tsa capsule

Liphate tsa patellar, ligalmar ligament ligament, ligalral patellar ea morao-rao

Li-ligamentssular

Ligament ea ka ntle ho tefo, kamore e ka morao ea lithunya

Li-ligaments extracaments

Litumellante tsa ho sebetsana tsa mediation, lilakane tsa litefo tsa morao-rao, likhele tse oblique tse ntle, lilakane tsa fiuler Cogament

08. Phano ea ka hare

Sebopeho sa neurovascular

Sebuti se nang le methapo e nang le sebopeho sa popi, vein ea boemo bo phahameng

Ho na le methapo e tloaelehileng ea naha ke lekala la morao-rao la methapo ea kutlo.

09. Mesifa e amanang

Bokaholimo ba kantle

Quadrices e na le li-Rectus Femoris, e bile e le Mexilias, e seng boholo ba mouoane, le Inbusines Fmois.

Ka morao-rao

Li-Hasstrips

E kenyelletsa Biceps Forbis, Semitendinosus le Semimembranosus;

Gastrocnemius.

Anteromedial

Makhethe.

Mesifa e bolokang botsitso ba lengole, ho kenyelletsa litupollo, mesifa, semiquendranosus.

10. Tlhahlobo ea 'mele

1. Tlhahlobo ea pono

Hlokomela motsamao le manonyeletso a mangole ka lehlakoreng le leng le lehlakoreng le leng la mokuli, 'me le ela hloko' mala oa letlalo le sa tloaelehang, le sa tloaelehang oa letlalo, joalo-joalo.

2. Palpation

Lekola bohloko le ho rurusa sebaka, botebo, boholo le tlhaho, ka lehlakore le amehileng ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang.

3. MOHOLO

Lekola motsamao oa mangole a mangole ka mesebetsi e sebetsang le e sa feleng ea mokuli.

4. Tekanyo

Lekanya bolelele ba karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea maoto le boholo ba leoto, matla a matsoho, ho felloa ke maemo, ha jj, le ho etsa lirekoto le matšoao.

5. Tlhahlobo e khethehileng

 - Teko ea Patella Patella: Ela hloko hore na ho na le mokhoa o kopaneng oa mokuli oa mokuli.

Ho Hlahlobisisa Ts'ebetso

Kamora ho pepeta Bursa ea Supurapar ho lumella metsi hore a bokelle, haeba khatello e ntse e hatella

- Teko ea liaparo: Ho bona hore na ho na le tšenyo ea ho phatloha ka lekhulo.

Setlhare sa DEELA: Mokuli o folile betheng, knese Flexion 90 °, maoto a sephara betheng, a lula a phutholohile. Lekola maoto a mokuli hore a be a tsitsitse, ho hula namane e ntle ea lengole, joalo ka teko e ntle ea lachman ke teko ea mangole ea mangole 30 °).

TLHOKOMELISO EA Tsueu-: Mokuli o khutletse ka morao, a letsela mangole ka morao, a fanang ka leseli la hore leloko la mangole a ka morao-rao.

- Teko ea ho bopa: ho hlakisa hore na ho na le tšenyo ea meniscus ea mangole.

Teko e kopaneng ea knee

Mokuli o maemong a khothalletsang ka lengole le amehang lengole ho 90 °.

1. Teko ea ho phahamisa

Mohlahlobi o tobetsa namane ho seriti sa mokuli mme a tšoere serethe ka matsoho ka bobeli ho phahamisa monyako oa namane le ka ntle; Haeba bohloko bo hlaha ka mahlakore ka bobeli a lengole, ho belaelloa ho ba leqeba la litebele tse tsamaeang ka maoto.

2. Teko ea Khoebo

Mohlahlobi o boloka leoto la leoto le amehileng ka matsoho ka bobeli, e le hore lengole le amehang le be maemong a otlolohileng le leoto holimo. Ebe u penya lengole tlase le ho potoloha ka hare le ka ntle ka nako e le 'ngoe. Haeba ho na le bohloko ka hare le ka ntle la lengole, e bontša hore manaku a ka hare le a kantle a senyehile.

Haeba lengole le fetoha ka mokhoa o feteletseng, bosholu ba lintjane bo belaelloa; Haeba e le ka 90 °, pherekano e mahareng e belaelloa; Haeba bohloko bo hlaha ha o fihla boemong bo otlolohileng, ho belaela ho belaelloa.

- Teko ea khatello ea maikutlo ea lateral: Ho bona mokuli bakeng sa ho senya lihaletsing tsa morao-rao.

Teko ea khatello ea maikutlo ea morao-rao e sebelisoa tlhahlobo ea mmele e sebelisoang ho lekola ligaments tsa li-ligamente tsa lengole.

Boemo: Mokuli o phatsima ka betheng ea tlhatlhobo, 'me leoto le amehileng le koeteloa ka bonolo hore leoto le ammeng a le ammeng a le tlase le behiloe kantle ho bethe.

Boemo bo kopaneng: lengole le kenngoa boemong bo atolositsoeng ka botlalo le boemo ba 30 °.

Sepotho sa matla: Maemong a mabeli a mangoleng a mabeli

Haeba bohloko bo kopana le mongobo oa mangole nakong ea ts'ebetso ea khatello ea maikutlo, kapa haeba koluoa ​​e tsoang le ho feta, e fana ka maikutlo a hore ho na le segation kapa ho putlama ha sehatsetsi kapa ho phatloha ha segate ea likoloto tsa morao-rao. Ha tlhahlobo ea khatello ea maikutlo ea ho tsilatsila e ntle, e bontša hore tataiso ea molomo e otlolohileng ha e na sekoli, 'me ho ka ba le mesuso ea ho rekisa lifofane tsa melimotsana, Meniscus le k'hasebole le mangolo a kopaneng le maniscus le k'hasebole e kopaneng; Ha tlhahlobo e ka hare ea ho potoloha ea ho potoloha ho potoloha ea ho potoloha

11 .ngole monahano

1. Tlhahlobo ea X-Ray

o ne a tloaetse ho sheba masholu le litšila tsa leqhubu la ostearthy. Boima bo nang le boima (e eme) Mofani oa Khoebo o Kopano Pele le Sheebra

2. Comphin tomography (CT)

Lits'oants'o tsa CT li ka thusa ho tseba mathata a masapo le masapo a poteletseng. Mofuta o Khethehileng oa Scan Scan o ka supa gout, leha le lenono le sa tsoe.

3. Ultrasound

E sebelisa maqhubu a molumo ho hlahisa litšoantšo tsa nako ea 'nete tsa meaho e bonolo ea lisele tsa lisele tse bonolo kahare le mangole. Ultrasound e ka bona liphetoho tsa bophelo bo botle joalo ka Masphalods ea Bit Masgins, Doutege Dessa

4. Magnetic Resonance Timing (MRI)

Teko ena e thusa ho fumana likotsi tse bonolo tsa lisele tse bonolo tse kang ligamente, tendons, lefufuru le mesifa.

Liteko: Haeba ngaka e belaella tšoaetso kapa ho ruruha, liteko tsa mali 'me ka linako tse ling mokhoa o tlosa mokelikeli o lekanang oa mangole, ho ka hlokahala.

12. Lisosa tse tloaelehileng tsa bohloko bo kopaneng

1. E amanang le likotsi

likotsi tsa ligante tse kang tse ntle le tse ka morao-rao tsa ligante le meokho ea litefo tse chesang. likotsi tsa bomomisi; patellar degonitis le meokho; masapo a masapo joalo-joalo.

2. Armarritis e amanang le

oteorthritis e bakiloeng ke ho roala le ho tabolla lefufuru le kopaneng; Rheumatoid ramatiki e bakoa ke sesole sa 'mele se hlasela manonyeletso; GUT e bakoa ke ho theha likristale ho tsoa ho acid e phahameng e amang manonyeletso.

3. Lisosa tse ling

Synovitis e bakang bohloko bo kopaneng le ho ruruha; mathata a letsatsi a paterata a kang ho khefumoloha le lefufurufu barekisi ba hlasela lenonye; Edema e bakoang ke ho ruruha, joalo-joalo.; boemo bo boholo ba nako e telele; Iliolirial Fascia shindrome e bakiloeng ke ho pheta-pheta ho hlapanya ho utloa bohloko ka ntle ho lengole.

13. Mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea kalafo

Phekolo ea 1.CenterVative

-Ke le ho qhekelloa

-Cold le li-compress tse chesang

-Drug phekolo

-Bafily kalafo

-Excer kalafo

-Ka bakeng sa lisebelisoa

2.Sourgery

Bongaka ba Berbower

-Tortroplanesty

3. LITLHAKISO TSA BOPHELO

-Tradiday tsa China (TCM)

- kalafo ea kalafo