I-5 yemigaqo yesicelo se-Inramedullary

Imigaqo esisiseko ye-Inrameling

1. Imbali ye-Inrameling

Ngo-1910, uLilhal Alumnum Aluminium I-Inramellay isetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-faft faft.

Ngo-1913, i-School yasebenzisa isipikili seSilivere ye-itramelimerary yokunyanga iqhekeza le-Super. 

I-KOuntScing (1900-1972) yenza igalelo elikhulu kwi-Inramelimetion Nations. 

I-1960s kwaye ngo-1970s yayilixesha lokuphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza kwezikhonkwane ze-intramelimery. 

Ilizwe lam liye lazisebenzisa ngesixa esikhulu ukusukela ngo-1990s.

I-2. Ukuncitshiswa okuvulekileyo kunye nokuncitshiswa okuvaliweyo

I-1. I-Limleres inokuthi incitshiswe phantsi kombono ocacileyo okanye ivaliwe phantsi kokubekwa kweliso kwi-X-Ray.

2. Ukucuthwa okuvulekileyo kwexesha lokuphilisa ixesha lide, ukopha okungenantlonelo kungaphezulu, kwaye kuncitshiswe ukuncitshiswa ngaphezulu kokutshabalalisa igazi kwisiphelo sokuphela.

3. Kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise ukuncitshiswa okuvaliweyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Umgangatho wokunciphisa umthwalo unokusetyenziswa, okanye i-quation encinci enokwenziwa kwindiza eqhekezayo ukuya kwi-Pry kwaye inciphise, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe, ngokokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwegazi kwisiphelo segazi kwisiphelo sokuphela.

4. Ukusilela kokuncitshiswa okuvalekileyo, ithambo eliqwengayo okanye ukubhoboza izicubu ezijikelezileyo, kunye neziqwengana ezinkulu ezifudukayo, ukuncitshiswa okukhulu kunokusetyenziswa.

I-3. Indlela yokulungiswa kwendlela ye-intramelimer

I-1. Indlela ye-Inramellary Nail yangaphakathi yokulungiswa ngaphakathi kukulungiswa kwe-symmetrical i-splint yangaphakathi ye-splint.

2. Ukulungiswa kokuqhekeka kwi-Intramellary Nail kugxininiswa koxinzelelo-ukusasaza ulungiso, hayi ukulungiswa koxinzelelo, okukhoyo ngokugqibeleleyo ekubumbeni i-Consulus.

3. Ukulungiswa kwe-Centrations kungumntu okhululekileyo ngokubhekisele kulungiso lwangaphandle oluthe ngceli, olunokunciphisa ingalo yomkhosi, ukunciphisa imeko ye-xabicmus engletion kunye nokulungiswa kwangaphakathi.

I-4. Ukulungiswa kwe-Intramellary isikhonkwane kunika isiseko sokucutha okuvaliweyo okanye ukuncitshiswa okuvulekileyo.

I-ALANGEMPY YOKUGQIBELA IIPROMLARAY

1. Zimbalwa iingxaki

I-2. Ubungakanani obandisiweyo beempawu zotyando

3. Ukulungiswa okuqinisekileyo

4. Uqeqesho lwaBasebenzi lwaBasebenzi

I-5. Ubunzima bomzimba bokuqala

I-6. Inokusetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo kunye nolunye ulungiso lwangaphakathi

Iindidi ezisisiseko kunye neendlela zobuchule

I-1. Ukutshixwa kunye nokungatshixizeli

I-2. I-Synamic kwaye iphonononge i-static

I-3. Ukwanda kwengqondo kunye neendlela zokulungisa ezingezizo ezonyango

I-4. Iindlela zokulungisa ezivaliweyo kunye nezivaliweyo

Ukunxibelelana nokungasebenzi

Izipikili eziqhelekileyo ze-intramelirary zinokuqina okungalunganga kwaye zinamandla amakhulu okuthoba, kodwa zinokuphinda zifumaneke emva kokuphosaka, zibangela kuphela isixa esincinci se-intrabone.

Ukunxibelelana nezipikili ze-intramellary kuneziphumo ezingcono zokujikeleza kunye neziphumo zoxinzelelo, ukulungiswa okuhle, kwaye zihambelane nomgaqo wokulungiswa kwendalo. Zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kumathambo amade emilenzeni. Ingakumbi kwicandelo lamacandelo amaninzi kunye nokuqhekezwa kwamaqhekeza, banozinzo olungcono kunezikhonkwane eziqhelekileyo.

I-QUAMAMAMISY YOKUGQIBELA YOKUGQIBELA

I-cipic evalelweyo i-sciemellary ivelise imaski yoxinzelelo oluncinci kwaye ikhuthazwe ngoku isenzo sokungasebenzi.

Kwi-quads engaphiliswanga kwiinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-8 ezenzeka ngeposi, kwi-ting grafting okanye ukutshintshwa kwezikhonkwane ezandisiweyo kunye ne-geramenting esetyenziswayo.

Ukusebenza kunokusetyenziswa njengendlela yokukhuthaza ukuphilisa ukuqhekeka. Akucetyiswa ngamandla kuba kunokukhokelela kwilungu elifihlakeleyo kunye nokujikeleza.

Ukwanda kokwandiswa kunye nokwandiswa komongo

Ukwanda komongo kunokufaka izikhonkwane ze-intramellary ene-seiserter enkulu kunye namandla amakhulu, okufanelekileyo ku uqeqesho lwangoko lwangoko kwaye lunciphisa izikhonkwane zezikhonkwane ezaphukileyo.

Ukwanda komongo kunokuvelisa isixa esikhulu se-bone inkunkuma ngempembelelo ye-osteoindive, elungele ukuphilisa ukuphiliswa.

Ukwanda komongo kuyakonakalisa ukubonelelwa kwegazi kweenqanawa zesondlo kunye ne-edonone, kodwa imithambo yegazi inokuphinda ivuseleleke ecaleni kwe-cavity yezikhonkwane ze-intramellary. Ukwanda komongo kunokwandisa ukusasazwa kwegazi kwimisipha ye-tiscule ethambileyo, ngaloo ndlela kukhuthaza ukuphilisa.

Ukwanda komongo kuyandisa amathuba osulelo kunye ne-embolism, kwaye kufuneka isetyenziswe ngononophelo lwezinto ezivulekileyo, ukwenzakala okuvulekileyo kunye nokulimala okunzima.

Izibonelelo zolwando lweMeldari

Emva kokwandiswa kwengqondo, indawo yoqhakamshelwano phakathi kwesikhonkwane se-intramelimury kwaye ithambo liyanda, eliphucula uzinzo lolungiso. 

Emva kokwandiswa kwengqondo, isikhonkwane esikhulu se-Intramerlary esincinci sinokusetyenziswa, esandisa amandla e-intramellary sipi le 

③ I-bone ye-bone emva kokwandiswa kwengqondo kunokuphelisa ukwenziwa kwethambo entsha, elungele ukuphilisa impiliso.

Xa kuthelekiswa ne-medullary Exping

Ixesha elifutshane lokusebenza kunye nokopha. 

② Ubuncinci bokuphazamiseka kwegazi lokuhamba kwegazi kwi-Endosteal kwiimeko malunga nokwenzakala okuthambileyo kwezicubu ezithambileyo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Inramelimel Nail

I-humeral iguqulela i-Inramellary Nail

Isalathiso sezipikili ze-humeral

Isalathiso sokutshintsha i-humemellary izikhonkwane kunyango lwe-chaft fitres ze-humeral shafts:

Uluhlu olunokulungiswa luvela kwi-2cm ngaphantsi kwentloko ye-humeral ukuya kwi-3cm ngaphezulu kwe-Olecranon FASSA. Ungakhetha ukuyilungisa egxalabeni ne-antegrafied ye-apramelid okanye kwi-elbow ngesikhonkwane se-retrograde.

Iimpawu zezipikili ze-humeral

Iindlela zokulungisa ukulungisa ii-chaft shaft factures zilungisiwe ngokusisiseko kunye nokulungiswa kwezipikili ze-intramellary.

Ukulungiswa kweplate kunojikelezo oluqinileyo kunye nokujikeleza kwe-anti-ukugoba kwaye ilungiswe ngokuqinileyo, kodwa i-sumical mouma inkulu, i-nerve yosulelo iphezulu kakhulu.

Ukudibana kwe-humering huming kunye nezikhonkwane zokuzitshisa ngokwakho ukoyisa iintsika eziqhelekileyo ezifana nokungazinzi kwethambo, kwaye i-racture incinci, kwaye i-racture isetyenziswe ngokuqinileyo, i-callius ibonakala kwangoko, kwaye umsebenzi wokusebenza ungowakho ukuqalwa emva kotyando.

Ukuqaqamba kwe-themoral kuguqula isikhonkwane

Isalathiso sezikhonkwane ze-themoral

Zonke iintlobo zefratshi 2cm ngezantsi kwe-rocharte verttebra kunye nangaphezulu kwe-9cm ukusuka kwidolo elidibeneyo.

Ukwaphuka kwamandulo kwenxalenye ephakathi ye-suft yentonga.

Izigulana ezinendawo engaphumelelanga yeplate yangaphakathi.

Iimpawu ze-themoral irhasi

Iindlela zokusebenza

Ingalo yokunyanzela i-themoral eguqulela isikhonkwane se-Inramellary yokulungisa iqhekeza lide kune-ixis yentsimbi, kwaye akukho lula ukugoba kunye nokudideka.

Izipikili ezivaliweyo kuzo zombini iziphelo ze-intramellary zenze ithambo lisonke ukusuka ezantsi, kwaye ukunqunyulwa, kwaye ukufezekisa ukulungiswa okuphezulu kunye nokujikeleza kokulungiswa okuphezulu.

I-gamma iguqula i-intramellary

I-GAMMA Nail Inqaku

Isebenza kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-perittrousteric quations, ngakumbi iqhekeza leziqwengana.

Isalathiso se-gamma eyandisiweyo (isiyali sokwakha)

Ukuqhekeka okuphezulu kwe-subtricchanricteric, i-rocharteric idityaniswe nge-femol shaft yokuqhekeka.

Izibonelelo zoncedo lwe-gamma

Ukuphuhliswa ngokudibanisa i-hip yokutyibilika kunye neteknoloji ye-Intramellary, isikhonkwane esiphambili sisondele kwiplate ye-hip ye-hip, ke ipiki ye-hip ye-hip ye-hip, inyusa amandla omatshini wokufakwa. I-subtricchanricricteric quatures ezibandakanya i-comainal Comasting Cominis, isikhonkwane se-gamma siphepha isidingo sokwakhiwa ngokutsha kwe-Anatomy Anatomy Acation, ngenxa yoko iluncedo kumaqhekeza e-Interrrochanaric okanye iqhekeza le-subtrachancric.

Phinda ubuye umva

Izalathiso ze-themoral yento ye-fetroral

Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu i-supracondylar fectoral ficrals, kubandakanya i-supracondylar ye-Supracondylar ye-Supracondylar i-Fractures kunye ne-PreCondylar 'T ' kwaye f '

Ingasetyenziselwa ukwaphulwa kwetyala elingezantsi kwe-isthmus ye-femur.

I-femoral shaft, supracondylar gomoral, kunye ne-incondyser quations ngaphakathi kwe-20cm ukusuka kwidolo elidibeneyo.

Abo baphulukene neplate.

Iimpawu zokubuyiswa kwendoda ye-fetrograde

I-Supracondylar Fracral Fracral i-sucture i-phraction enzulu kunye nobunzima obokuqala, ukuncitshiswa nokwesibini, ukulungiswa okuqinileyo. Kukho isimo esiphezulu sezinto ezinzima ezinjengokuqhekeka komanyano kunye nokulibaziseka.

Ukubuyiselwa kwakhona kokuguqulela i-Intramellary Nail yindlela eqhelekileyo esetyenzisiweyo yokunyanga iqhekeza le-femur le-Direccer kule minyaka ingenziweyo, kwaye inozinzo olusebenzayo lohlobo lwe-posterac, kwaye inceda ekuhambeni kwangoko.

I-Supracondylar edityanisiweyo ye-Supraculal ye-Supmoral ye-Suporal ilungisiwe yokwandiswa kwe-Intracondylar Lantramellary, esombulula ingxaki ekunzima ukuyicombulula i-femmerlary ye-femur. Isixhobo silula ukusebenza, esichanekileyo sokubeka, sinokuthenjwa ngokulungiswa, kwaye isigulana sinokwenza umsebenzi wasedolo kwangoko emva kotyando.

I-Tibial iguqulela iinzipho zangaphakathi

Isalathiso se-tibial saising

I-procares eqingqiweyo kwi-1/3 ye-tibia: Ukuqhekeka okuthe kratya, ukuqhekezwa kwe-oblive ye-obliquarth.

Amanzi angazinzanga ngaphakathi kwe-60% yobude be-tibia: I-quids kufutshane ne-metaphysis, iqhekeza lemidlalo emide, iqhekeza lezinto ezinde, iqhekeza le-quenal, iqhekeza lethambo.

Iimpawu ze-tibial

Ukunxibelelana ne-Intramellary saisia

Nangona inokusetyenziselwa ukwaphuka kwe-proximal kunye ne-dibia ye-tibia, ireyithi yokuqikelela iphakame, i-All Prature isebenza rhoqo, ukuphela kwe-suckire kune-1 / i-1/4 yokulungisa iyasilela.

Uncwadi luxele iziphumo ezingcono zesiphumo se-tibia tibiall kune-proximal tibia tibia iqhekeza emva kokulungiswa kwe-fibula.

Iindlela zoqhaqho

Ukulungiswa kokuqala kwezixhobo ezikhethekileyo

Ibhedi yamathambo (ibhedi yomkhwa) okanye ipali esemgangathweni ye-fluoroscopic surgical; umbuyiselo; Inqaku lomfanekiso.

Ukukhetha ngokuchanekileyo ubude besikhonkwane se-Inramellary kwi-vemostheses efanelekileyo

I-radiograph

Umlinganiso wobude obuzimeleyo

I-Intramellary Natieter

I-X-ray ye-isthmus yobubanzi

I-Intramellary Nail

I-1.Trans Samdlicent yokuzimisela phantsi komatshini we-C-Arm

Iziphelo ze-distal kunye ne-proximal zethambo zazikwindawo ye-ray; Umlawuli wayelingana kwi-diaphysis.

2.Umlinganiso womzimba ngokwemizimba yomzimba

I-femur: Incam ye-trochanter enkulu terchate I-tibia: indawo yedolo yedolo yamadolo

Indlela yokufakelwa kwe-Intramerellary

I-Bexudinal Axis ye-cavity ye-medullary kumgca othe ngqo

Hayi kufutshane kakhulu kwindawo yokungena

Ubude obufanelekileyo: Ukuphuculwa-kudala; I-Spotive-mfutshane

(Isiqinisekiso esingangqaluliyo sokungena; akukho ntshukumo ye-pulp, akukho sikhuselo se-tissue ethambileyo)

I-Parallel ye-ferallel yenramoral

Ukulungiswa kwendawo yokungena yendawo ye-torallel ye-ferallel

I-Hip Slexion kunye ne-DUSCK

I-proximal ye-Loritudinal kwi-Trousa enkulu

Hayi kude kakhulu

Ukubekwa kwePIN yePIN

Ukubekwa kwekhaka le-TICINE LESIQINISEKILEYO

Phinda ubuye i-fetroralder

I-30 ° igobhule yedolo

I-Axis ende yePIN yesikhokelo kwicala elinye ne-cavity ye-campint ye-dimoral stemoral stem

Ukufakwa kwe-kirchner pin kwi-distar femu ye-patellar ligament i-ligament yendawo yokukhusela: i-orthogonal - embindini we-femur ye-femur; I-lateral-ilayini ye-blumenstaat

Indawo yokuqala yePCL ngaphandle kwengozi

I-Torallel ye-tibial tibial ye-Inramellary yendawo yokungena

Kwiziko le-serline ye-cavellary cavity

Umda ongaphandle wethafa le-tibial plate

Kagathe kangangoko ngaphandle kokonakalisa iplate

I-Geexion ephezulu

I-tibilic tuberosity-pole iphantsi ye-patella ecaleni kwe-cavity cavity

Vula i-cavity ye-medullary: IPIN yePIN nge-15 ° kwinqwelomoya ye-sagittal ye-axis ye-tibial stem stem stem sup

Isikhundla somfanekiso oqinileyo

Iindlela zokutyula

Ukuncitshiswa kombane

amaqhekeza amatsha

Ukuncitshiswa kwezandla

ukwaphuka kwakudala nge-pseudoarth, i-sclerosis kwi-cavellary cavity

Akukho luhlobo lwaphantsi kwexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso

Ukujikeleza kwegazi yeyona nto ipholileyo

Iindlela zokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo

I-therallel ferarallel yenramellary saising

Izizathu zobunzima ekubuyiseleni amaqhekeza e-themoral

I-tick ye-tissies ethambile ayivumeli ukufikelela ngqo kwithambo

Indawo yokungena yenaliti ayinakubonwa ngqo

I-hip yokudibanisa i-hip edibeneyo

Ukuncitshiswa kwe-tibiality

Ukuguqula

Kakhulu kakhulu kwaye kulula ukubeka i-palpate

I-qubility echithwe-ephakathi okanye i-distal nohlobo lwe-Bhanda

I-Ob Dicrat

I-Intramellary yabenga-→ Izixhobo zokuHamba

Amanyathelo okunciphisa

Inqaku lokunciphisa amandla

tibia; ukusebenzisa okanye ukusebenzisa inxeba

Irejista enkulu (i-brace)

ukuncitshiswa ukuncitshiswa; I-Limp Liveling

I-screws zethutyana

① femur, tibia

② kufutshane nomgca wokuqhekeka kangangoko kunokwenzeka

③ proximal uqhekezo lokusetyenziswa kwe-cortical

④use i-chick ye-Universal nge-T-PATA YOKUGQIBELA YOKUGQIBELA

Isipikili se-poller

I-①metTaphyseal Dracture (ilungisa umgca wamandla, uzimisele ukubuyiselwa, ukubuyisela ukusebenza)

② I-Bibique Fracture ye-dibia ye-dibia okanye i-femur (uxinzelelo lwe-shear → uxinzelelo)

I-Inramed Fetly Affice Aipile i-Indedlary ye-Innel i-Depel Depellary ngexesha lotyando yesibini

Inqaku elingelilo

I-Turnitoting eyongezelelweyo

① tibia

② Yongezwe ngumthetho okanye umbuyiselo

③ Sebenzisa ngononophelo malunga nokulimala kwe-tiss

④ Yigcine imfutshane

⑤ Ayifunwanga ukwanda kwe-carlillary kwimo yelizwe

Ukulandelelana kwe-Napiking: I-distal emva koko iproximal

Izibonelelo

ukuncipha kwenkukunton, ukucinezelwa kwekhefu lokuqhekeka; ukupheliswa kokwahlukana; Ukucutha ukusebenza.

Iindlela zokuncitshiswa kwendlela yokuchithwa kunye nokuhlinzwa

Iingxaki ezinokuthi zihlangane noqhaqho

Isiphene se-Axial (ukunqunyulwa, ukukhangela okanye ukufuduswa)

Ukukhula kwi-tishu yezixhobo

I-Breaks yokuqala

I-sclerosis yokuqhekeka iqhekeza ngokuvalwa kwe-cavity cavity

I-osteoporosis

Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka

Ukuxabana kwe-kwandiser kunye ne-Intramellary Nail

Isiphene se-Angular → Umbuyiselo

Ukukhutshelwa iziphelo ezinesiqingatha

Iindlela zokuthintela imigca engaqhelekanga

I-proximal-inqaku lokungena ngokuchanekileyo

I-distal-I-Indedlamerland embindini we-cavellary cavity

Iingxaki ze-Inramellary

★ Usulelo

★ Umonakalo werve

★ ukuphiliswa kokuphiliswa kwamaqhekeza

★ ukwahlulwa kwezonyango

Ukujikeleza ngaphandle, ukuthambisa, i-valge, ukujikeleza ngaphakathi, enguke

★ Intlungu edibeneyo

★ i-embolism yefutha

★ Isincoko se-heterotopic

★ i-pulmonary embolism

★ ukwaphuka kwakhona

★ I-thrombosis

★ Ukuqina okukhuni

★ Imanyano ye-Fracture, i-bone engathandekiyo

★ Ukulungiswa kwangaphakathi

★ Ukucofa i-lib

★ enye

Iingxaki-Usulelo

I-1.early kwi, iqhekeza elivulekileyo lithathelwa ingqalelo into eyahlukileyo kwi-Intramellary saising.

2.Ukuzonwabisa sosulelo lwendawo kwi-Popured kwi-quares evulekileyo kuxhomekeke kwimeko yokulimala kwe-tissue ethambileyo kunye nongcoliseko

Imeko yosulelo emva kokuqhekeka okuvulekileyo kuxhomekeke kwimo yokulimala kwe-tissis ethambileyo kunye nongcoliseko kunye nendlela apho izicubu ezithambileyo zilawulwa khona.

3.Izikhonkwane zangaphakathi zangaphakathi zandisa ithuba losulelo; Ukulungiswa okuphelelwe lixesha kunyanzelwa ukuba ulungiswe i-inteen ihlwempuzeke, kwaye ithambo liphelile

Ukulungiswa okungapheliyo okungapheliyo kwi-Inramellary Nations ihlwempuzeke kakhulu, kunye nokuhamba kwe-microscopic yethambo elaphukileyo lethambo kunye ne-cavisional yendawo entsalelayo, elula yokukhula kwentsholongwane.

4. Ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo eyandisiweyo kunye nokulinganiselwa kwandisiweyo ayiphumi nje ukuthotyelwa kokuqhekeka, kodwa kukuphepha ukudalwa kwendawo efileyo.

I-GAT ENGROME SMNTROME

1.Ukuzonwabisa nge-fu ye-fubul yethambo elide yethambo yi-0.5% ukuya kwi-2%.

2. Ukwandiswa kwe-medulla kunye nokungavuki kwe-medulla akunasiphumo esibonakalayo kwi-ventila yomoya.

3.Ukusasaza i-medulla, ubuchwephesha kufuneka bugobe ngobunono, ukunqanda amandla amakhulu kunye nokusebenza nzima.

4.Ukuba isifo esichongiweyo se-FES sisamkela iikhrayitheriya ezicetywayo yiGurd ngo-1974, kwaye unyango emva kokuxilongwa kuya kulibazisa ixesha elifanelekileyo lonyango kwaye kunokuba nemiphumo emibi.

Ukulibaziseka kokuqhekeka kwe-proure kunye nethambo lethambo

Izinto ezahlukeneyo zichaphazela ukuphiliswa kokuphilisa emva kokulungiswa kwe-Inramelilary, kwaye oonobangela kunokuhlaziywa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.

I-1.softnice ye-tissule ifakwe kwisiphelo sokuqhekeka

I-2. Ukwahlulahlula ukuqalisa okuthe tyaba

I-3. Iminyaka yobudala yesigulana

4. Vula ukwaphuka, ukulimala okuthambileyo kwezicubu ezithambileyo, i-hemodialysis yendawo okanye usulelo.

I-5. Ukulungiswa kwe-Inrameling

I-6. Dibanisa isifo seswekile esidibeneyo okanye ezinye izifo ezithengisayo.

Amaqhekeza onyango

I-quaring forftional fosures ikakhulu ziindawo zokuqhekezwa kwesibini ezibangelwa kukungalingani okungafanelekanga ngexesha lokulungiswa kwe-Intramellary.

Ingqwalaselo yentsusa kufuneka ihlawulwe

1. Ukukhetha okungachanekanga kwendawo yokungena yezapikili kunokukhokelela ekuphenduleni kwe-proximail.

2. Sukunyanzela ngamandla ukwanda kweMedulla.

I-3. Ukungena kolwando lwepulp kufuneka kube kwicala elinye njengendlela yokufakelwa kwesikhonkwane.

4. Sukusebenzisa amandla xa ufaka iipleyitimedlary izikhonkwane ukuya kwisiphelo esisiphelo.

Intlungu kumalungu angabamelwane

I-1. Ukubekwa kwe-intramellary Nail ibandakanya izicubu ezithambileyo kunye ne-capsule edibeneyo kwindawo ekufutshane ne-1 edibeneyo.

2. Ithafa le-Tibial liqhagamshelwe kumda we-anterial ye-mediscus nge-ligamente efihlakeleyo kwaye iyindawo ekhuselekileyo ngaphezulu kwe-tuberosity ukuya kuthi ga kule meko. Ukuba inqaku lezipikili likufuphi kakhulu phezulu okanye ububanzi be-intramerlary kwaye zikhulu kakhulu, kunokubangela ukonakala kwezakhiwo ze-intra zomhlaba, ezikhokelela kwintlungu yedolo.

I-3. Ukuqunjelwa kwe-proximal ye-Inramellary Nail kunye ne-heterotopic ye-ossitopic zezona zinto ziphambili zentlungu ye-hip emva kwe-goramoral ye-feramellary.

I-4. I-proximal protrusion yezipikili ze-intramellary, i-proxima yokutshixa i-proximal yokuphazamiseka kwaye i-rouftor cuftor cufstiator yezona zinto zibangela i-tenderallary.