Please Choose Your Language
Koj tseem nyob ntawm no: Tsev » XC Ortho Insights » Kev Pom Kev Lag Luam » Yuav Ua Li Cas Meniscal Suture Techniques rau Kev Kho Mob hauv caug xyoo 2025

Yuav Ua Li Cas Meniscal Suture Techniques rau Kev Kho Mob hauv caug xyoo 2025

Views: 0     Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2025-12-17 Keeb Kwm: Qhov chaw

Meniscal kho cov txheej txheem siv cov txheej txheem arthroscopic suture

Kev kho mob meniscal tau dhau los ua cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuaj kis las thiab kev phais hauv caug. Piv nrog rau ib feem meniscectomy, cov txheej txheem kho meniscal niaj hnub tsom rau kev khaws cov ntaub so ntswg meniscal thaum twg los tau thiab kho lub hauv caug ua haujlwm los ntawm kev ruaj khov.

Kev kho meniscal zoo nyob ntawm ntau yam, suav nrog kev xaiv tus neeg mob, cov yam ntxwv tsim kua muag, cov txheej txheem phais, thiab cov cuab yeej kho kom zoo. Cov txheej txheem sib txawv xws li sab hauv-tawm, tag nrho-sab hauv, sab nraud-hauv, ntsug txaj, thiab cov txheej txheem ncig lub voj voog raug xaiv raws li cov qauv tsim kua muag thiab kev nyiam ntawm tus kws phais.

Rau cov kws phais mob orthopedic, tsev kho mob, thiab cov chaw muag khoom kho mob, kev nkag siab txog kev kho ob qho tib si thiab cov cuab yeej arthroscopic uas yuav tsum tau pab txhim kho cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm thiab kev xaiv cov khoom. XC Medico muab cov cuab yeej kho meniscal tsim los rau kev siv arthroscopic, suav nrog Meniscus 2-0# Ob Chav Ncaj Ncej rau kev tswj cov suture tso rau hauv cov txheej txheem meniscal.

Ntsiab Cai
  • Meniscal kho cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau xaiv raws li qhov chaw tsim kua muag, vascularity, thiab stability yuav tsum tau.

  • Kev kho sab hauv-tawm, tag nrho-sab hauv, thiab sab nraud-hauv kev kho feem ntau yog siv rau kev sib txawv meniscus tsim kua muag.

  • Kev tuav rab koob raug thiab siv tau cov cuab yeej arthroscopic yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kho kom zoo ib yam.

  • Vertical txaj thiab circumferential sutures muab cov kev xaiv ruaj khov rau kev tsim kua muag tshwj xeeb.

  • Cov neeg muag khoom kho mob yuav tsum ntsuas cov khoom kho meniscal raws li kev tsim, kev tswj kom zoo, muaj peev xwm kho tau, thiab kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov khoom siv.

Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm Meniscal Repair Techniques

Meniscal kua muag tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim kev raug mob kis las, kev raug mob, lossis kev hloov pauv degenerative. Kev xaiv ntawm kev kho thiab tshem tawm yog nyob ntawm tus qauv tsim kua muag, tus neeg mob tus mob, thiab lub peev xwm kho tau.

Kev kho meniscal niaj hnub tsom rau kev khaws cia meniscus vim nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev thauj khoom, lub hauv caug stability, thiab kev tiv thaiv pob txha mos.

Technique Hom Application Main yam ntxwv
Kev kho sab hauv-tawm Longitudinal kua muag thiab peripheral kua muag Muab kev kho kom ruaj khov nrog qhov tseeb suture tso
Kev kho txhua sab hauv Muaj ntau arthroscopic meniscal kho Tso cai rau kev ua haujlwm sai dua thiab zam cov kev txiav txim tom qab ntxiv
Kev kho sab nraud Pem hauv ntej horn thiab xaiv radial kua muag Muab kev tswj zoo rau qhov chaw tsim kua muag
Vertical txaj suture Vertical thiab complex tsim kua muag qauv Muab compression muaj zog thoob plaws qhov chaw kho

Kev xaiv tus neeg mob rau Meniscal Repair Procedures

Kev xaiv tus neeg mob kom raug yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas cuam tshuam rau kev kho mob meniscal. Cov kws phais mob feem ntau ntsuas qhov chaw tsim kua muag, cov ntaub so ntswg zoo, qib kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus neeg mob, thiab mob hauv caug ua ntej xaiv cov tswv yim kho.

Cov neeg sib tw tsim nyog rau Kev Kho Meniscal

  • Cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov neeg mob nquag nrog kho cov kua muag meniscal.

  • Peripheral kua muag nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam vascularized muaj peev xwm kho tau.

  • Cov kua muag mob hnyav nrog cov ntaub so ntswg zoo.

  • Cov neeg mob yuav tsum tau khaws cia lub hauv caug ntev.

Tej yam uas yuav cuam tshuam rau Kev Kho Kev Xaiv

Qhov Kev Txiav Txim Siab
Kua muag qauv Cov kua muag nyuaj, tsis ruaj khov, lossis tsis muaj kua muag yuav xav tau lwm txoj kev kho mob.
Mob pob txha Kev hloov pauv tsis zoo tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev txiav txim siab kho.
Cov ntaub so ntswg zoo Cov ntaub so ntswg meniscal tsis zoo tuaj yeem txo qhov kev cia siab ntawm fixation.

Cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau Meniscal Suture Procedures

Ua tiav kev kho meniscal yuav tsum tau txhim khu kev qha arthroscopic visualization, raug suture xa, thiab cov cuab yeej kho kom haum. Xaiv cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo pab cov kws phais neeg ua tiav cov txheej txheem tswj thiab rov ua dua.

Common Meniscal Repair Instruments

  • Arthroscopic ntsuas

  • Meniscal kho koob thiab suture li

  • Suture passers thiab graspers

  • Knot pushers thiab arthroscopic accessories

  • Visualization systems rau cov txheej txheem minimally invasive

XC Medico Meniscus 2-0 # Ob Chav Ncaj Ncej

XC Medico Meniscus 2-0# Ob Chav Straight Needle yog tsim los rau arthroscopic meniscal kho daim ntaub ntawv qhov twg tswj koob hla thiab qhov tseeb suture qhov chaw yuav tsum tau.

Nws txoj kev teeb tsa ob npaug ncaj ncaj txhawb nqa cov txheej txheem kho sib txawv thiab muab cov kws kho mob nrog cov tswv yim xaiv los tswj ntau yam qauv tsim kua muag meniscal. Cov khoom yog tsim nyob rau hauv kev tswj cov txheej txheem zoo thiab tsim nyog rau orthopedic distributors nrhiav kev txhim khu kev qha kev ua kis las cov cuab yeej.

Feature Cov txiaj ntsig
Ob chav ncaj koob configuration Txhawb kev tswj suture tso rau hauv cov txheej txheem kho meniscal
Compatible arthroscopic tsim Pab koom ua ke rau hauv cov txheej txheem phais mob
Zoo tswj kev tsim khoom Txhawb nqa cov khoom sib xws rau cov tsev kho mob thiab cov neeg xa khoom

Common Meniscal Suture Techniques

Txawv meniscal tsim kua muag qauv xav tau cov tswv yim kho sib txawv. Cov kws phais xaiv cov txheej txheem tsim nyog tshaj plaws raws li qhov chaw tsim kua muag, cov ntaub so ntswg zoo, kev nkag tau yooj yim, thiab kev kho kom haum. Cov txheej txheem hauv qab no feem ntau siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem kho arthroscopic meniscal.

In-Out Meniscal Repair Technique

Cov txheej txheem sab hauv-tawm yog ib qho ntawm cov tsoos thiab siv dav siv kho meniscal. Nws tso cai rau kev tswj xyuas qhov kev tso kawm ntawm suture thiab muab kev kho kom zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov kua muag ntsug ntev thiab peripheral meniscal raug mob.

Thaum lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem no, sutures tau dhau los ntawm sab hauv kev sib koom ua ke los ntawm meniscus thiab muab rov qab rau sab nraud. Tus kws phais yuav muab cov sutures sab nraum lub capsule thaum tiv thaiv cov ntaub so ntswg nyob ib puag ncig.

Kev xav zoo
Muaj zog mechanical fixation Yuav tsum tau ceev faj tiv thaiv ntawm cov kab mob neurovascular nyob ze
Muaj tseeb tswj txoj haujlwm suture Tej zaum yuav xav tau kev phais me me ntxiv
Haum rau ntau lub kua muag peripheral Yuav tsum tau muaj kev paub nrog suture tuav

All-Inside Meniscal Repair Technique

Cov txheej txheem sab hauv tag nrho tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam vim tias nws tso cai rau kev kho arthroscopic kom tiav yam tsis tas yuav muaj kev phais ntxiv tom qab. Nws yog feem ntau siv rau ntau hom meniscal kua muag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum txo qis qhov kev phais raug nyiam.

Niaj hnub nimno tag nrho-sab hauv kho cov cuab yeej muab cov koob xa khoom thiab cov khoom siv kho kom yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm. Kev xaiv cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb kom tswj tau qhov kev tso kawm kom raug thiab zam kom tsis txhob muaj cov ntaub so ntswg puas tsuaj.

Advantages Clinical Application
Txo cov txheej txheem incision Feem ntau siv rau tom qab horn thiab peripheral meniscal kua muag
Ua haujlwm zoo arthroscopic Haum rau cov txheej txheem kho minimally invasive
Simplified suture tswj Txhawb kev tsim kua muag sib txawv

Outside-In Meniscal Repair Technique

Cov txheej txheem sab nraud muab kev tswj xyuas zoo thaum kho qee qhov anterior horn thiab siv tau meniscal kua muag. Tus kws phais neeg qhia txog rab koob los ntawm sab nraud ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke thiab hla nws los ntawm meniscus ua ntej yuav kho qhov kho.

Txoj kev no tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov xwm txheej xaiv uas yuav tsum tau muab rab koob meej.

Qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws Daim Ntawv Thov
Zoo pom kev zoo thiab koob tswj Cov kua muag anterior horn
Flexible suture positioning Xaiv cov kua muag radial thiab kab rov tav

Vertical Mattress Meniscal Suture Technique

Cov txheej txheem ntsug txaj suture feem ntau yog siv vim nws ntes lub voj voog collagen fibers ntawm lub meniscus thiab muab cov compression muaj zog thoob plaws qhov chaw kho.

Cov txheej txheem no feem ntau xaiv rau cov kua muag ntev ntev thiab qee cov qauv tsim kua muag nyuaj uas yuav tsum tau kho cov ntug-rau-ntug.

Cov txheej txheem dav dav

  1. Ntsuas tus qauv tsim kua muag siv arthroscopic visualization.

  2. Npaj cov kua muag los txhim kho kev sib cuag ntawm qhov chaw kho.

  3. Hla lub suture los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg meniscal nrog qhov sib txawv.

  4. Kho suture nro kom ua tiav ruaj khov tsis muaj compression ntau dhau.

  5. Ruaj ntseg lub pob caus thiab paub meej tias kho stability.

Technical Note

Vertical txaj sutures feem ntau xaiv thaum muaj zog ntsug fixation yog nyiam. Kev xaiv ntawm cov qauv suture yuav tsum nco ntsoov ua raws li cov yam ntxwv tsim kua muag thiab kev paub ntawm tus kws phais.

Parameter Vertical Mattress Suture Kab rov tav Mattress Suture
Fiber ntau orientation Captures circumferential collagen fibers Muab kab rov tav compression
Hom kev siv Longitudinal thiab peripheral kua muag Xaiv kab rov tav cleavage kua muag
Fixation yam ntxwv Muaj zog ntsug stabilization Broad cov ntaub so ntswg compression

11-8 Meniscal Suture Technique

Cov txheej txheem 11-8 suture sib txuas ntsug sutures nrog kev hla kev teeb tsa los txhim kho stabilization ntawm cov kua muag nyuaj meniscal.

Cov txheej txheem no siv ntau cov lus qhia suture los faib cov zog fixation thoob plaws thaj chaw kho. Nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab yog tias yuav tsum muaj kev txhawb nqa ntxiv rau cov qauv tsim kua muag nyuaj.

Basic Technique Concept

  1. Muab ntsug sutures rau ntawm ob sab ntawm lub kua muag.

  2. Qhia ib qho kev hla suture configuration ntawm ntsug sutures.

  3. Kwv yees cov npoo torn thaum tswj kom tsim nyog nro.

  4. Ruaj ntseg kho thiab paub meej tias stability arthroscopically.

Feature Purpose
Ntau fixation cov lus qhia Txhim khu kev tswj ntawm cov qauv tsim kua muag
Vertical tivthaiv Muab cov ntaub so ntswg muaj zog
Hla kev tivthaiv Pab tswj cov kua muag ntug approximation

Hla-Stitch thiab Circumferential Meniscal Kho

Cross-stitch thiab circumferential kho cov tswv yim yog tsim los rau cov qauv tsim kua muag tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntau. Cov txheej txheem no feem ntau suav hais tias yog qhov nyuaj lossis radial meniscal raug mob.

Hla-Stitch Kho

Kev teeb tsa cross-stitch tsim ib qho X-shaped fixation qauv hla lub kua muag. Qhov kev npaj no yuav pab faib cov rog hauv ntau cov lus qhia thiab tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg rau kev xaiv kho.

  • Haum rau kev tsim kua muag complex.

  • Muab multidirectional fixation.

  • Yuav tsum muaj qhov tseeb suture positioning.

Circumferential Suture Kho

Circumferential sutures aims los kho lub ntuj compression muaj nuj nqi ntawm meniscal cov ntaub so ntswg los ntawm kev tsim kho uas ua raws li cov collagen fiber ntau orientation.

Technique Main Application Key Benefits
Hla-stitch Complex thiab radial kua muag Multidirectional stabilization
Kev kho qhov circumferential Xaiv cov kua muag radial Restores hoop stress function

Hloov sab nraud-hauv thiab Flipping Suture Methods

Hloov kho sab nraud-hauv txoj kev muab lwm txoj hauv kev los kho qee qhov ntev lossis lub thoob-kho lub kua muag meniscal. Cov txheej txheem no tso cai rau kev tswj hwm qhov chaw suture ntxiv thaum tswj kev pom arthroscopic.

Txoj kev flipping suture yog lwm cov txheej txheem siv rau cov qauv tsim kua muag. Kev xaiv ntawm cov kev sib txawv nyob ntawm seb tus kws phais neeg nyiam, cov yam ntxwv tsim kua muag, thiab cov cuab yeej muaj.

Kev sib piv ntawm Meniscal Repair Techniques

Technique Strengths Hom Kev Siv
Sab hauv-tawm Muaj zog fixation thiab meej tswj Peripheral thiab longitudinal kua muag
Txhua-hauv Ua haujlwm zoo arthroscopic Cov txheej txheem kho minimally invasive
Sab nraum-hauv Kev tswj zoo rau qhov chaw xaiv Pem hauv ntej horn thiab nkag tau lub kua muag
Vertical txaj Cov ntaub so ntswg muaj zog Lub kua muag ntev
Circumferential Txhawb kev kho ntawm meniscal mechanics Xaiv cov kua muag radial

Yuav Xaiv Meniscal Kho Instruments li cas

Kev xaiv cov cuab yeej kho mob meniscal tsim nyog yog qhov tseem ceeb rau tsev kho mob, kws phais neeg, thiab cov kws kho mob faib khoom. Cov khoom lag luam zoo tshaj plaws yuav tsum muab cov qauv tsim kev ntseeg siab, kev tsim khoom zoo ib yam, thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog cov txheej txheem arthroscopic.

Yam Tseem Ceeb rau Kev Ntsuas Meniscal Kho Cov Khoom Siv

Kev Ntsuas Qhov Ntsuas Yuav Tsum Xav Txog
Koob tsim Ntsuas rab koob zoo, tuav tus yam ntxwv, thiab tsim nyog rau kev kho sib txawv.
Suture compatibility Paub meej tias kev sib raug zoo nrog kev siv tshuaj kho meniscal sutures thiab arthroscopic workflows.
Kev tsim khoom zoo Kev tswj xyuas kev tsim khoom ntseeg tau pab kom cov khoom ua tau zoo ib yam ntawm cov khoom siv.
Muaj peev xwm muab khoom Distributors yuav tsum xav txog lub peev xwm ntau lawm, kev xaiv customization, thiab kev cia siab rau kev xa khoom.

Nta ntawm XC Medico Meniscal Repair Instruments

XC Medico tsim cov cuab yeej kho mob orthopedic thiab kis las rau cov chaw muag khoom thoob ntiaj teb, tsev kho mob, thiab cov koom tes phais. Cov khoom kho meniscal yog tsom rau cov kev xav tau ntawm kev phais, nrog rau kev tswj tuav, kev tsim khoom ruaj khov, thiab kev txhawb nqa rau cov txheej txheem arthroscopic sib txawv.

Cov Meniscus 2-0# Ob Chav Straight Needle yog tsim los rau cov ntawv thov meniscal suture qhov twg siv rab koob raug thiab yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo.

Khoom Feature Tus nqi rau cov neeg siv
Ob chav ncaj koob qauv Txhawb kev tswj qhov chaw thaum lub sij hawm kho meniscal.
Tsim los rau kev siv arthroscopic Fits hom kev ua kis las tshuaj phais kev ua haujlwm.
Zoo tswj ntau lawm Txhawb nqa ruaj khov rau cov neeg xa khoom thoob ntiaj teb.
OEM thiab customization txhawb Pab cov neeg koom tes tsim cov khoom tsim nyog rau kev lag luam sib txawv.

Vim li cas thiaj xaiv XC Medico ua Meniscal Repair Instrument Supplier

Xaiv ib tus neeg muab khoom siv orthopedic txhim khu kev qha muaj feem ntau dua li kev ntsuas cov khoom lag luam. Cov neeg xa khoom thoob ntiaj teb feem ntau xav tau kev tsim khoom ruaj khov, kev sib txuas lus, kev txhawb nqa ntaub ntawv, thiab kev koom tes ntev.

Tus neeg muaj peev xwm XC Medico Kev them nyiaj yug
Kev paub txog kev tsim khoom orthopedic Dedicated ntau lawm tshuab rau orthopedic implants thiab phais instruments.
Kev txhawb nqa khoom noj khoom haus Kev daws teeb meem suav nrog cov cuab yeej siv arthroscopy thiab kho cov khoom.
OEM muaj peev xwm Kev them nyiaj yug rau cov khoom customization, ntim cov cai, thiab kev koom tes ntawm tus kheej daim ntawv lo.
Distributor kev pab Cov khoom lag luam catalogs, cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis, thiab kev hais lus txhawb nqa rau cov neeg koom tes thoob ntiaj teb.

Thov Meniscal Repair Instrument Solutions

Nrhiav kev txhim khu kev qha kho meniscal los yog cov khoom siv tshuaj kho mob rau koj lub lag luam? Hu rau XC Medico rau cov khoom lag luam catalogs, OEM kev txhawb nqa, thiab cov kev daws teeb meem kev kho mob orthopedic.

Hu rau XC Medico

Kev Kho Mob Tom Qab Kev Kho Mob Tom Qab Meniscal Kho

Kev tswj kev ua haujlwm tom qab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv qhov kho meniscus. Cov txheej txheem kho kom rov zoo tuaj yeem sib txawv nyob ntawm hom tsim kua muag, kho cov txheej txheem, tus neeg mob tus mob, thiab kev nyiam ntawm tus kws phais.

General Rehabilitation Considerations

  • Ua raws li tus kws phais neeg pom zoo kom hnyav hnyav thiab txwv kev txav mus los.

  • Maj mam rov kho lub hauv caug mob thiab cov leeg nqaij.

  • Saib xyuas qhov mob, o, thiab rov ua kom rov zoo li qub.

  • Kho kev kho kom rov zoo raws li kev kho cov yam ntxwv.

Vim hais tias kev kho meniscal sib txawv muaj cov kev xav tau sib txawv, cov txheej txheem tom qab phais yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab los ntawm cov kws kho mob uas tsim nyog.

Cov lus nug nquag nug txog Meniscal Suture Techniques

Dab tsi yog hom kev kho meniscal tseem ceeb?

Cov txheej txheem kho meniscal feem ntau suav nrog sab hauv-tawm, tag nrho-sab hauv, sab nraud-hauv, ntsug txaj, voj voog, thiab txoj hauv kev sib dhos. Cov txheej txheem xaiv yog nyob ntawm qhov tsim kua muag, qhov chaw, thiab kev nyiam ntawm tus kws phais.

Dab tsi yuav tsum tau siv rau cov txheej txheem meniscal suture?

Cov txheej txheem kho meniscal ib txwm xav tau cov cuab yeej arthroscopic, suture devices, kho koob, graspers, thiab lwm yam khoom siv. Qhov ntsuas ntsuas qhov sib xyaw ua ke yog nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem kev phais xaiv.

Yuav ua li cas cov kws phais xaiv ntawm sab hauv-tawm thiab tag nrho-sab hauv meniscal kho?

Qhov kev xaiv nyob ntawm tus qauv tsim kua muag, qhov kev nyiam ntawm kev phais, cov khoom siv muaj, thiab qhov yuav tsum tau kho kom haum. Ob txoj kev no feem ntau siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem kho meniscal niaj hnub.

Cov distributors yuav tsum xav txog dab tsi thaum xaiv cov khoom kho meniscal?

Cov neeg muag khoom yuav tsum ntsuas cov khoom zoo, kev tsim khoom, kev xaiv kev hloov kho, kev txhawb nqa cov ntaub ntawv, thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov khoom siv mus ntev.

Puas yog XC Medico cov chaw tsim khoom lossis tuam txhab lag luam?

XC Medico yog cov chaw tsim khoom orthopedic muab cov khoom cog thiab cov cuab yeej phais rau cov neeg koom tes kho mob thoob ntiaj teb. Lub tuam txhab txhawb nqa cov khoom lag luam nrog cov kev daws teeb meem, kev koom tes OEM, thiab kev tsim khoom orthopedic.

Tiv tauj peb

* B2B thiab kev nug txog kev tshaj lij nkaus xwb. Peb txhawb cov neeg xa khoom, cov neeg xa khoom, cov pab pawg hauv tsev kho mob, cov kws phais mob orthopedic thiab cov kws kho mob. Peb tsis muag ncaj qha rau tus neeg mob.

* Thov upload tsuas yog jpg, png, pdf, dxf, dwg cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov txwv loj yog 25MB.

Raws li kev ntseeg thoob ntiaj teb Orthopedic Implants Chaw tsim tshuaj paus , XC Medico tshwj xeeb hauv kev muab cov kev kho mob zoo, nrog rau kev raug mob, txha nraub qaum, kev sib koom ua ke, thiab kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov kis las. Nrog rau ntau tshaj 19 xyoo ntawm kev txawj ntse thiab ISO 13485 ntawv pov thawj, peb mob siab rau muab precision engineered phais cov cuab yeej thiab cog rau distributors, tsev kho mob, thiab OEM / ODM cov koom tes thoob ntiaj teb.

Txuas ceev

Hu rau

Tianan Cyber ​​​​City, Changwu Middle Road, Changzhou, Suav
17315089100

Khaws Hauv Kov

Yog xav paub ntxiv txog XC Medico, thov sau npe rau peb cov channel Youtube, lossis ua raws peb ntawm Linkedin lossis Facebook. Peb mam li hloov kho peb cov ntaub ntawv rau koj.
© COPYRIGHT 2024 CHANGZHOU XC MEDICO TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. TSEEM CEEB.