Isikhokelo sokwenzakala kwamathambo | Izibonakaliso zokulungiswa kwangaphandle kunye neentlobo zesakhelo
Oogqirha bamathambo basebenzisa izixhobo zangaphandle zokulungisa iifractures ezikhethiweyo ezivulekileyo, ukulimala kakhulu kwezicubu ezithambileyo, ukuzinza ngokukhawuleza kwexeshana, ezinye iifractures ezikufutshane namalungu, ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kwemilenze, ukulungiswa kokukhubazeka, ukwandiswa kwemilenze kunye neenkqubo ezikhethiweyo zokudibanisa. Ngokuxhomekeke kwisicwangciso sokulimala kunye nonyango, isakhelo sinokuba yibhuloho yesikhashana ukulungiswa kwangaphakathi okanye indlela echanekileyo esetyenziswe ngelixa ithambo liphilisa.
Yintoni Isixhobo sokuLungisa saNgaphandle?
Isixhobo sokulungiswa kwangaphandle sisakhelo se-orthopedic esisetyenziselwa ukuzinzisa okanye ukulungisa ngokuthe ngcembe indawo yethambo. Izikhonkwane okanye iingcingo zifakwa emathanjeni kwaye ziqhagamshelwe kwimivalo, imisesane, iiclamps okanye ezinye izinto ezingaphandle komzimba. Ngenxa yokuba isakhelo esiphambili sihlala singaphandle, oogqirha bogqirha banokufikelela kwizicubu ezithambileyo kwaye, kunye neenkqubo ezikhethiweyo, ukulungelelanisa ukulungelelaniswa ngexesha lonyango.
Ukulungiswa kwangaphandle kuchaza indlela yonyango kunokuba imveliso enye yendalo yonke. Iifreyimu zivela kwizixhobo ezidibeneyo zesandla okanye isandla ukuya kwimivalo ye-monolateral kunye neenkqubo zesetyhula ezisetyenziselwa ukuxhatshazwa kwemilenze ephantsi kunye nokwakhiwa kwakhona. Uyilo lwesixhobo, ukucwangciswa kwephini kunye nemiyalelo emva kokusebenza kufuneka ihambelane ne-anatomy ethile, ukusetyenziswa okujoliswe kuyo kunye nenkqubo egunyazisiweyo.
Ukwahlula okubalulekileyo: isilungisi sangaphandle asiyonto ngokuzenzekelayo isixhobo sethutyana. Ingasetyenziswa okwethutyana kukhathalelo lokwenzakala ngokwenqanaba, okanye inokusebenza njengendlela eqinisekileyo yokulungisa de kube kuphunyezwe ukuphiliswa okwaneleyo okanye ukulungiswa.
Loluphi uTyando lwaMathambo oluSebenzisa iiFixators zangaphandle?
Impendulo ecacileyo kukuba ukulungiswa kwangaphandle kusetyenziswa xa oogqirha bogqirha bafuna ukuzinza kwamathambo ngelixa unciphisa ukuphazamiseka okongeziweyo malunga nommandla owenzakeleyo okanye owenziwe ngokutsha. Kubaluleke kakhulu xa ukufikelela kumanxeba okanye izicubu ezithambileyo kufuneka zigcinwe, xa kufuneka ukuzinza okwethutyana ngokukhawuleza, okanye xa ukulungiswa ngokuthe ngcembe kuyinxalenye yesicwangciso sonyango.
Izahlulo eziMandundu ezivulekileyo kunye nokulimala kweSoft-Tissue
Ukuqhekeka okuvulekileyo kunxibelelana nenxeba kwaye kunokubandakanya ungcoliseko, ukonakala kwezicubu kunye nomngcipheko wosulelo. Ukulungiswa kwangaphandle kunokubonelela ngokuzinza ngelixa oogqirha botyando benza ukutshatyalaliswa, ukulawulwa kwesilonda kunye nokuvuselelwa kwezicubu ezithambileyo. Kwinqanaba lokunyamekela, isakhelo sokuqala sinokuthi kamva sitshintshwe ngenye indlela yokulungisa emva kokuba izicubu kunye nesigulane zilungile.
Ukulungiswa kwangaphandle kunokuqwalaselwa kwakhona xa ukudumba, ukwenzakala kwesikhumba okanye ukonakaliswa kwezicubu ezithambileyo kwenza ukulungiswa kwangaphakathi okukhawulezileyo kungafuneki. Ayithinteli ngokuzimeleyo usulelo okanye isiqinisekiso sokuphilisa; i-debridement efanelekileyo, i-antibiotics xa iboniswa, ukunakekelwa kwenxeba, ukulungiswa okuzinzile kunye nokulandelelana konke kunegalelo kunyango.
Umonakalo wexeshana-Ukulawula i-Orthopedics
Kwizigulane ezinokulimala okuphindaphindiweyo okanye ukungazinzi kwe-physiologic, isakhelo sangaphandle esisetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza sinokuzinzisa okwethutyana ithambo elide okanye ukulimala kwe-pelvic ngelixa iqela le-trauma lijongene neengxaki ezisongela ubomi. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngokuba yi-democracy-orthopedics.
Isigqibo sokuguqula ukulungiswa kwangaphakathi, ukuhlaziya isakhelo okanye ukugcina ukulungiswa kwangaphandle kuxhomekeke ekubuyiselweni kwesigulane, ukungcola, imeko ye-soft-tissue, ukulungelelaniswa kunye nesicwangciso sotyando ngokubanzi. Akukho mhla wokuguqulwa jikelele osebenza kuwo wonke ukwenzakala.
Tibial Plateau, Pilon kunye nezinye Periarticular Fractures
Ukuqhekeka kwamandla aphezulu kufuphi nedolo okanye i-ankle kunokukhatshwa kukuvuvukala okukhulu kunye nokulimala kwezicubu ezithambileyo. Isakhelo esidibeneyo sinokugcina ubude kunye nokulungelelaniswa ngelixa ukuvuvukala kuphucula kwaye ukucwangciswa okuqinisekileyo kuqhubeka. Kwiimeko ezikhethiweyo, isetyhula, i-hybrid okanye enye inkqubo yangaphandle ingaba yinxalenye yokwakhiwa kwakhona okuqinisekileyo.
Ngenxa yokuba isakhelo esiqhekezayo sinokukhawulela ukunyakaza okuhlangeneyo, indawo yepini, i-geometry yefreyimu, ukufikelela kwezicubu ezithambileyo kunye nesigaba esilandelayo sonyango kufuneka siqwalaselwe phambi kokusetyenziswa.
Ukwandiswa kwamalungu kunye noLuleko lokuKhubazeka
Izakhelo zesetyhula kunye nezikhethekileyo zangaphandle zingasetyenziselwa emva kokusikwa kwethambo elicwangcisiweyo ukutshintsha ngokuthe ngcembe ubude, i-angulation, ukujikeleza okanye ukuguqulelwa. Iishedyuli zokulungiswa zichazwe liqela lonyango lokuvuselela amalungu kwaye zihlengahlengiswa ngokwe-radiographs, ukubunjwa kwamathambo, ukunyamezela kwezicubu ezithambileyo, umsebenzi we-nerve kunye nokunyakaza okuhlangeneyo.
Izinga lokuphazamiseka okuxoxwe ngalo ngokuqhelekileyo akufuneki lithathwe njengomyalelo wesigulane jikelele. Ireyithi efanelekileyo kunye nesingqisho iyahluka nge-anatomy, ubudala, injongo yokulungiswa kunye nempendulo yebhayoloji.
I-Joint Fusion, i-Nonunion kunye ne-Limb Reconstruction
Ukulungiswa kwangaphandle kungasetyenziselwa kwiinkqubo ezikhethiweyo ze-arthrodesis, unyango olusulelekileyo okanye oluyinkimbinkimbi lwe-nonnunion, ukuthuthwa kwamathambo kunye nokwakhiwa kwakhona emva kokulahleka kwethambo. Ezi zizibonakaliso zeengcali ezifuna ukucwangciswa ngokucophelela kozinzo, ukunyanzeliswa okanye ukuphazamiseka, i-biology yamathambo, ulawulo losulelo kunye nokuvuselelwa.
Iinkqubo ezincinci zokulungisa zangaphandle zingasetyenziselwa ukwaphuka okukhethiweyo, ukuchithwa okanye ukuvuselela iinkqubo ezibandakanya isandla, isihlahla, unyawo okanye i-ankle xa imveliso isetyenziselwa injongo kunye nesicwangciso sotyando sixhasa eso sicelo.
| Imeko yeklinikhi | Indima enokwenzeka yokulungiswa kwangaphandle | Iingqwalasela zesicwangciso esiqhelekileyo |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuqhekeka okuvulekileyo kunye nomonakalo wezicubu ezithambileyo | Ukuzinzisa okwethutyana okanye ukulungiswa okuqinisekileyo okukhethiweyo | Ukufikelela kwinxeba, ungcoliseko, ulungelelwaniso kunye nokugqunywa kwezicubu ezithambileyo |
| I-Polytrauma okanye isigulane esingazinzanga | Uzinziso olukhawulezayo lokulawula umonakalo | Imeko yePhysiologic, iqhinga lokuguqulwa kamva kunye nokufikelela kwisakhelo |
| I-High-energy periarticular fracture | Isakhelo sexeshana esidityanisiweyo okanye isakhelo esiqinisekileyo esikhethiweyo | Ukudumba, ukulimala komphezulu odibeneyo, ukufakwa kwepini kunye nokufakwa kwixesha elizayo |
| Ukulungiswa kokukhubazeka okanye ukwandiswa kwelungu | Ukulungiswa ngokuthe ngcembe emva kokuhlinzwa | Isicwangciso sokulungisa, ukuvuselela amathambo, imithambo-luvo, izihlunu kunye nokunyakaza kwamalungu |
| Ukungabikho, usulelo okanye ukulahleka kwethambo | Ukuzinza, ukunyanzeliswa, ukuthuthwa kwamathambo okanye ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwesiteji | Ibhayoloji yamathambo, ulawulo losulelo, ubungakanani besiphene kunye nokunyamezela isigulana |
| I-fusion ekhethiweyo edibeneyo | Uxinzelelo kunye nokugcinwa kokulungelelaniswa | Ukuqhagamshelana kwamathambo, ukuzinza kwesakhelo, izicubu ezithambileyo kunye nesicwangciso sobunzima |
okwethutyana vs uLungiso lwaNgaphandle oluqinisekileyo
Isetyenziselwa ukufumana uzinzo kwangethuba ngelixa isigulane, inxeba okanye izihlunu ezithambileyo zichacha. Isicwangciso sonyango sinokutshintsha kamva ukulungiswa kwangaphakathi okanye enye indlela yokuvuselela.
Isakhelo sihlala siyinqununu yokwakhiwa ngexesha lokuphulukiswa kwe-fracture, i-fusion okanye ukulungiswa ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye isuswe xa iqela lonyango ligqiba ukuba injongo yonyango idibene.
Okwexeshana akuthethi ukuba ingabalulekanga, kwaye ukuqiniseka akuthethi ukuba ngokusisigxina. Zombini izicwangciso zifuna ukubekwa kwephini elichanekileyo, uzinzo olwaneleyo lwesakhelo, ulungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo kunye nesicwangciso esibhaliweyo sokulandelela.
I-AAOS iphawula ukuba i-fixator yangaphandle ingasetyenziselwa xa ulusu kunye nezicubu ezithambileyo zonakaliswe kakhulu de isigulane singakwazi ukunyamezela utyando, ngelixa kwezinye iimeko zingaba unyango oluchanekileyo. Indlela echanekileyo ke ngoko ixhomekeke kwiimeko ezithile kunokuba imiselwe ligama lesixhobo kuphela.
Iindidi zezakhelo zoLungiso lwangaphandle
Uhlobo lwesakhelo lukhethwe ngokwengingqi ye-anatomical, i-fracture okanye ipateni yokwakhiwa kwakhona, ukuzinza okufunekayo, imfuno yokulungiswa kunye nokusetyenziswa okujoliswe kwimveliso ethile. XC Medico amaqela iimveliso zayo ezikhoyo ngaphakathi kwayo iinkqubo zokulungisa zamathambo zangaphandle.
Ii-Monolateral External Fixators
Isakhelo se-monolateral sibekwe ikakhulu kwicala elinye lelungu. Ngokuxhomekeke kwisixokelelwano, inokunikezela ngokuthelekiseka ngokuthe ngqo kwebar-kunye-i-clamp uqwalaselo kunye nokufikelela kuninzi lwelungu. Ingasetyenziselwa kwi-trauma ekhethiweyo kunye nezicelo zokuvuselela xa uzinzo olwaneleyo lunokufezekiswa.
Abathengi abaziingcali banokuphonononga okukhoyo Iinkqubo zokulungisa zangaphandle ezisecaleni , kodwa eyona nkcazelo kunye nolungelelwaniso kufuneka iqinisekiswe ngokusuka kumaxwebhu angoku okuleyibhile kunye namaxwebhu obuchule botyando.
Isakhelo seSetyhula kunye ne-Ilizarov
Izakhelo zesetyhula zisebenzisa amakhonkco aqhagamshelwe kwiingcingo ezixineneyo, izikhonkwane ezinesiqingatha kunye neentonga okanye ii-struts. Ijometri yabo inokuxhasa ukuzinza kwe-multiplanar kunye nokulungiswa ngokuthe ngcembe, okubenza bafaneleke kwiifracture ezikhethiweyo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukulungiswa kokukhubazeka, ukuthuthwa kwamathambo kunye nokwakhiwa kwakhona kwemilenze.
Ilizarov isetyhula fixators yangaphandle yintsapho enye ngaphakathi kolu didi. Iiprothokholi zeNdibano kunye nezilungiso zifuna uqeqesho lweengcali kwaye akufanele zithathwe kwifoto yemveliso ngokubanzi.
Iimodyuli kunye neHybrid Fixators
Iisistim zeemodyuli zivumela amacandelo ukuba alungiselelwe iindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuphuka kunye neemfuno zokufikelela. Ukwakhiwa kweHybrid kunokudibanisa amakhonkco, iingcingo, izikhonkwane zesiqingatha okanye amacandelo ahlangeneyo ukuhlangabezana nozinzo olukhethiweyo kunye nemfuneko ye-anatomy.
I-Mini kunye ne-Joint-Spanning Fixators
Iifreyimu ezincinci zinokuthi ziqwalaselwe ukwenzakala okukhethiweyo kwamathambo amancinci, ngelixa ulwakhiwo oluhlangeneyo lunokuthi lube ibhulorho okwexeshana idolo elenzakele kakhulu, i-ankle, isihlahla okanye elinye ilungu. Isakhelo esinabileyo sinokunceda ukugcina ulungelelwaniso kodwa sinokunqanda intshukumo edibeneyo, ngoko ke ubude bexesha kunye nesicwangciso sokubuyisela kwisimo sangaphambili sidinga ukubekwa kweliso olusondeleyo.
Imiba yomgangatho wethambo: izikhonkwane zokulungisa zangaphandle kunye neengcingo kufuneka zifumane ukuthenga okwaneleyo kwithambo. I-Osteoporosis ayenzi ngokuzenzekelayo ukulungiswa kwangaphandle okukhethiweyo; Umgangatho ophantsi wamathambo unokuba nzima ukulungiswa kwaye kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ekukhethweni kwesixhobo, isicwangciso sephini kunye nesicwangciso sonyango ngokubanzi.
Ifakwa Njani iFixator yaNgaphandle?
Ukulungiswa kwangaphandle kwenziwa kwindawo yokusebenza kwigumbi usebenzisa i-anesthesia efanelekileyo kunye nesicwangciso sokucinga. Amanyathelo achanekileyo ahluke ngommandla womzimba, uyilo lwesakhelo kunye nokuba injongo kukuzinzisa okwethutyana, ukulungiswa okuqinisekileyo okanye ukulungiswa ngokuthe ngcembe.
Ukubekwa kwepini kufuneka kugweme imithambo-luvo ebalulekileyo, iinqanawa, amalungu kunye nezicubu ezithambileyo ezonakalisiweyo. Xa kulindelwe omnye umsebenzi, iisayithi zephini kufuneka zicwangciswe ukuze zingaphazamisi ukwenzeka kwamva okanye ukufakela. Ezi nkcukacha zinqunywe liqela lotyando kwaye azinakuthathelwa indawo yimiyalelo ye-intanethi ngokubanzi.
Ingaba ooGqirha bakhetha njani iNkqubo yokuLungisa yaNgaphandle?
Akukho 'eyona' isilungisi sangaphandle kulo lonke utyando lwamathambo. Ukukhethwa kufuneka kulandele isalathisi, i-anatomy kunye nokuziphatha okufunekayo komatshini wokwakha okupheleleyo.
amaphepha imveliso ezifana i-ankle joint fixator yangaphandle inokunceda abasebenzisi abaziingcali bachonge intsapho yemveliso. Aziyithathi indawo yelebhile esebenzayo, ubuchule botyando, ubhaliso lwasekuhlaleni okanye isigwebo sekliniki esikhethekileyo.
Ukubuyiswa kwakhona, ukuBuyiswa kobunzima kunye noBude beSakhelo
Ukuchacha kuyahluka ngokubanzi. Ubude besakhelo sinokuphenjelelwa yipatheni yokuqhekeka, ukuphulukiswa kwamathambo, ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kwezicubu ezithambileyo, usulelo, injongo yokulungisa, ubudala, impilo kunye nokusingqongileyo koomatshini. Inani elimiselweyo leeveki okanye iinyanga akufanele zithenjiswe kuzo zonke izigulane.
Imiyalelo yokuthwala ubunzima nayo yenziwe ngabanye. Olunye ulwakhiwo lwenzelwe ukuvumela ukulayisha okukhethiweyo, ngelixa ezinye zifuna ukuthwala kancinci okanye okungenabunzima. Izigulane kufuneka zilandele imiyalelo ebhaliweyo yamaqela abo e-orthopedic kunye ne-rehabilitation kunokuba bacinge ukuba ubukho besakhelo kwenza ukuhamba kukhuselekile.
Ukulandelela ngokuqhelekileyo kuqwalaselwa:
- ukulungelelaniswa kweradiographic kunye nobungqina bokuphilisa okanye ukuvuselela ukubunjwa kwamathambo;
- isakhelo kunye nokuzinza kwephini;
- intlungu, ukudumba, imeko yesikhumba kunye nokubonakala kwendawo ye-pin;
- umsebenzi wemithambo-luvo kunye nemithambo yegazi;
- ukuhamba kwamalungu asondeleyo kunye nomsebenzi wemisipha;
- inkqubela ejolise kwiinjongo ezimiselweyo zokulayisha nokubuyisela kwisimo sangaphambili.
Emva kokususwa kwefreyimu, ezinye izigulane zifuna ukukhuselwa, ukunyanzeliswa okanye ukuvuselelwa okuqhubekayo. Ixesha kunye nokuqhubela phambili komsebenzi kuxhomekeke kuvavanyo lweqela lonyango lokuzinza kwamathambo kunye nomsebenzi.
Imingcipheko, Iingxaki kunye nePin-Site Care
Ukulungiswa kwangaphandle kunokubonelela ngezibonelelo zonyango ezibalulekileyo kwiimeko ezikhethiweyo, kodwa nazo zinobungozi. Ukucaphuka kwe-Pin-site okanye usulelo luphakathi kwezona zinto zixhaphakileyo. Ezinye iingxaki ezinokuthi zibandakanya ukukhulula i-pin, ukulahleka kokulungelelaniswa, ukulibaziseka umanyano, i-nonunion, i-malunion, i-malunion edibeneyo, i-muscle okanye i-tendon tethering, i-nerve okanye i-blood-vessel-vessel, ukungaphumeleli kwe-hardware kunye nosulelo olunzulu.
Iiprothokholi zokhathalelo lwe-Pin ziyahluka phakathi kwezibhedlele kunye namaqela efreyimu, kwaye ubungqina abuxhasi indlela enye yokucoca kwimeko nganye. Izigulana kufuneka zisebenzise izixhobo, amaxesha amaninzi kunye neendlela ezifundiswa liqela labo lezonyango.
Qhagamshelana neqela elinyanga ngokukhawuleza ukunyusa iintlungu ezijikeleze isikhonkwane, ukusasaza ububomvu, ukudumba okwandayo, ubovu okanye ukukhutshwa okungaqhelekanga, umkhuhlane, ukuziva ungaphilanga, ubunzima obutsha bokuthwala ubunzima, icandelo elixekekileyo, utshintsho kwindawo yelungu, ukuba ndindisholo okanye ilungu eliluthuthu okanye elibandayo. Iimpawu ezibukhali okanye ukukrokreleka kwe-neurovascular compromise kufuna uvavanyo olungxamisekileyo lwezonyango.
Iifreyimu akufanele zilungiswe, ziqiniswe okanye zisuswe ngumguli ngaphandle kokuba iqela lonyango linikeze ishedyuli ethile emiselweyo yohlengahlengiso kunye noqeqesho. Nayiphi na intshukumo yesakhelo engalindelekanga okanye inxalenye eyonakeleyo kufuneka ixelwe.
IiNkqubo zoLungiso lwangaphandle lwezibhedlele kunye nabasasazo
Kwizibhedlele, abasasazi kunye namaqabane e-OEM/ODM, uvavanyo kufuneka lugubungele inkqubo epheleleyo kunebhari enye, iringi okanye ibamba. Izigqibo zokuthengwa kwempahla kufuneka ziqinisekise ubhaliso oluthe ngqo kwimarike, usetyenziso olucetyiweyo, uxwebhu lwemathiriyeli, ukulandeleka, ukuvavanywa koomatshini, iilebhile, imiyalelo yokucoca okanye yokuvala inzala, izikhonkwane ezihambelanayo kunye nezixhobo, ukupakishwa kokupakishwa kunye nenkxaso emva kokuthengisa.
XC Medico's Iindidi zesixhobo sokulungiswa kwangaphandle ziquka iimodyuli, i-monolateral, i-circular kunye ne-anatomy-specific options. Ubukho kunye nobume bolawulo bunokwahluka ngokwemarike, ngoko ke abathengi kufuneka bacele amaxwebhu angoku ngenani lekhathalogu elichanekileyo kunye nelizwe ekusingwa kulo.
| ukuthengwa kwempahla | Imibuzo yokuqinisekisa |
|---|---|
| Ukusetyenziswa okucetywayo | Ngawaphi amathambo, iinkqubo kunye nohlengahlengiso lwesakhelo ezibandakanyiweyo kwilebhile yemveliso yangoku? |
| Ukugqibelela kwenkqubo | Ngaba izikhonkwane, iingcingo, iziqhoboshi ezihambelanayo, iirodi, iiringi, izixhobo kunye nezinye izinto ezitshintshileyo ziyafumaneka? |
| Amaxwebhu | Ngaba umthengisi angabonelela ngezatifikethi, iirekhodi zovavanyo, imiyalelo yokusetyenziswa kunye nokulandeleka kwenqanaba leqashiso? |
| Ubume obunyumba | Ngawaphi amacandelo abonelelwe ngobudlolo okanye angenantsholongwane, kwaye yeyiphi imiyalelo eqinisekisiweyo yokucubungula esebenzayo? |
| Uqeqesho nenkxaso | Ngaba isikhokelo sendibano, uluhlu lwezixhobo, uqeqesho lwemveliso kunye neenkqubo zokuphatha izikhalazo ziyafumaneka? |
| Ukufikelela kwimarike | Ngaba elona lungiselelo lesixhobo ligunyazisiweyo kwimarike yendawo kunye nesalathiso esicetywayo? |
Ukuthengwa kobuchwephesha: jonga kwakhona iintsapho ezikhoyo ezilungisiweyo zangaphandle kwaye ucele ikhathalogu yangoku, uluhlu lwamacandelo kunye namaxwebhu olawulo angqale kwimarike ngaphambi kokukhetha inkqubo.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo malunga noLungiso lwaNgaphandle
Loluphi utyando lwamathambo oluqhele ukusebenzisa ukulungiswa kwangaphandle?
Ukulungiswa kwangaphandle kungasetyenziselwa iifractures ezivulekileyo ezikhethiweyo, ukulimala okunzima kwezicubu ezithambileyo, ukuzinzisa ukulawulwa komonakalo, i-energy high-energy periarticular fractures, ubude bemilenze, ukulungiswa kokukhubazeka, ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kwe-nonnunion okanye ukulahleka kwethambo, kunye neenkqubo ezikhethiweyo ze-joint-fusion.
Ngaba isilungisi sangaphandle sihlala sisethutyana?
Hayi. Ezinye izakhelo zizibhulorho zethutyana zomnye umsebenzi, ngelixa ezinye zijongwe ukuba zihlale zilulungiso oluqinisekileyo ngexesha lokuphilisa okanye ukulungiswa.
Ngaba isigulane singakwazi ukuhamba kunye nesilungisi sangaphandle?
Kuphela kuxa ugqirha onyangayo kunye neqela lokubuyisela kwisimo sangaphambili likuvumela oko. Ubume bobunzima buxhomekeke kukulimala, ukucwangciswa kwesakhelo, umgangatho wamathambo, ukuphilisa kunye nesicwangciso sonyango jikelele.
Ingaba isilungisi sangaphandle sihlala ixesha elingakanani?
Akukho bude bexesha jikelele. Isakhelo sihlala sihambelana nenjongo yonyango, inkqubela yeradiyographic, imeko yezicubu ezithambileyo, uzinzo kunye novavanyo lweqela elinyangayo.
Yiyiphi inkxalabo eqhelekileyo ngexesha lokulungiswa kwangaphandle?
Ukucaphuka kwendawo ye-pin okanye usulelo yinkxalabo eqhelekileyo. Izigulana zidinga imiyalelo yokhathalelo lomntu ngamnye kwaye kufuneka zixele iintlungu ezikhulayo, ukusasaza ububomvu, ukudumba, ubovu, umkhuhlane okanye ukukhulula isakhelo ngokukhawuleza.
Ngaba ukulungiswa kwangaphandle kukhuselekile kunokulungiswa kwangaphakathi?
Ayikho enye indlela ekhuselekileyo jikelele. Ngamnye unezibonakaliso ezahlukeneyo, iinzuzo kunye nobungozi. Ukhetho olufanelekileyo luxhomekeke kwiqhekeza, izicubu ezithambileyo, ukungcola, imeko yesigulane kunye nesicwangciso sokuvuselela.
IiReferensi zonyango kunye noLawulo
- IAkhademi yaseMelika yooGqirha bamathambo: Ukwaphuka (Amathambo Ophukileyo).
- Ukutya kwe-US kunye noLawulo lweDrug: IsiKhokelo soMhloli we-Orthopedic External Fixation Devices.
- Isibhedlele saseRoyal National Orthopedic: Ukulungiswa Kwangaphandle Ukulungiswa Kwamathambo kunye noLwandiso.
- Isibhedlele saseRoyal National Orthopedic: ISikhokelo soKhathalelo lwePin-Siza.
