Umhlahlandlela wokuhlukumezeka kwamathambo | Izinkomba zokulungisa zangaphandle nezinhlobo zozimele
Odokotela abahlinzayo bamathambo basebenzisa izinto zokulungisa zangaphandle zokuphuka okuvulekile okukhethiwe, ukulimala okunzima kwezicubu ezithambile, ukuzinza ngokushesha kwesikhashana, ukuphuka okuthile eduze kwamalunga, ukwakhiwa kabusha kwezitho, ukulungiswa kokukhubazeka, ukunwetshwa kwezitho nezinqubo ezikhethiwe zokuhlanganisa. Kuye ngokulimala nokuhlelwa kokwelashwa, ifreyimu ingase ibe ibhuloho lesikhashana ekulungiseni kwangaphakathi noma indlela eqondile esetshenziswa ngenkathi ithambo liphulukisa.
Iyini Idivayisi Yokulungisa Yangaphandle?
Idivayisi yokulungisa yangaphandle iyifreyimu yamathambo esetshenziselwa ukuzinzisa noma ukulungisa kancane kancane ukuma kwethambo. Izikhonkwane noma izintambo zifakwa emathanjeni futhi zixhunywe kumabha, amasongo, ama-clamps noma ezinye izingxenye ezingaphandle komzimba. Ngenxa yokuthi uhlaka oluyinhloko luhlala lungaphandle, odokotela abahlinzayo bangakwazi ukufinyelela izicubu ezithambile futhi, ngezinhlelo ezikhethiwe, balungise ukuqondanisa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.
Ukulungiswa kwangaphandle kuchaza indlela yokwelapha kunomkhiqizo owodwa wendawo yonke. Amafreyimu asukela kumadivayisi ahlangene wesandla noma esihlakaleni kuya kumabha e-monolateral namasistimu ayindilinga asetshenziswa ekulimaleni kwemilenze ephansi nokwakhiwa kabusha. Idizayini yedivayisi, ukucushwa kwephinikhodi kanye nemiyalelo yangemva kokuhlinzwa kufanele kuhambisane nesakhiwo esithile somzimba, ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe kanye nesistimu egunyaziwe.
Umehluko obalulekile: isilungisi sangaphandle asiyona idivayisi yesikhashana ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ingase isetshenziswe okwesikhashana ekunakekelweni kokulimala okuhleliwe, noma ingase isebenze njengendlela eqondile yokulungisa kuze kube yilapho kutholwa ukuphulukiswa okwanele noma ukulungiswa.
Yikuphi Ukuhlinzwa Kwamathambo Okusebenzisa Izilungisi Zangaphandle?
Impendulo ecacile ukuthi ukulungiswa kwangaphandle kusetshenziswa lapho odokotela abahlinzayo bedinga ukuzinza kwamathambo ngenkathi bekhawulela ukuphazamiseka okwengeziwe endaweni elimele noma eyakhiwe kabusha. Kuwusizo ikakhulukazi lapho ukufinyelela kwezilonda noma izicubu ezithambile kufanele kugcinwe, lapho kudingeka ukuzinza kwesikhashana ngokushesha, noma lapho ukulungiswa kancane kancane kuyingxenye yohlelo lokwelapha.
Ukuphuka Kakhulu Okuvulekile kanye Nokulimala Kwezicubu Ezithambile
Ukuphuka okuvulekile kuthintana nesilonda futhi kungase kuhlanganise ukungcola, ukulimala kwezicubu kanye nobungozi bokutheleleka. Ukulungiswa kwangaphandle kunganikeza ukuzinza kuyilapho odokotela abahlinzayo benza ukucekelwa phansi, ukuphathwa kwezilonda nokuvuselela izicubu ezithambile. Ekunakekelweni okuhleliwe, ifreyimu yokuqala ingase kamuva ishintshwe enye indlela yokulungisa ngemva kokuba izicubu nesiguli sezilungile.
Ukulungiswa kwangaphandle kungase futhi kucatshangelwe lapho ukuvuvukala, ukulimala kwesikhumba noma ukulimala kwezicubu ezithambile kwenza ukulungiswa kwangaphakathi ngokushesha kungathandeki. Ayivimbeli ngokuzimela ukutheleleka noma isiqiniseko sokuphulukiswa; ukuchithwa okufanele, ama-antibiotics uma kukhonjisiwe, ukunakekelwa kwenxeba, ukulungiswa okuzinzile kanye nokulandelela konke kunomthelela ekwelashweni.
Ukulawulwa Kwesikhashana Kokulimala Kwesikhashana
Ezigulini ezinokulimala okuningi noma ukungazinzi kwe-physiologic, ifreyimu yangaphandle esetshenziswa ngokushesha ingakwazi ukuzinza okwesikhashana ukulimala kwethambo elide noma i-pelvic ngenkathi ithimba lokuhlukumezeka libhekana nezinkinga ezisongela ukuphila. Le ndlela ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi i- damage control orthopedics .
Isinqumo sokuguqulela ekulungiseni kwangaphakathi, ubuyekeze ifreyimu noma ugcine ukulungiswa kwangaphandle kuncike ekululameni kwesiguli, ukungcola, isimo sezicubu ezithambile, ukuqondanisa kanye necebo lokuhlinza jikelele. Ayikho idethi yokuguqulwa yendawo yonke esebenza kukho konke ukulimala.
Tibial Plateau, Pilon kanye Okunye Periarticular Fractures
Ukuphuka kwamandla aphezulu eduze kwedolo noma iqakala kungahambisana nokuvuvukala okukhulu nokulimala kwezicubu ezithambile. Uhlaka olunwebeka ngokuhlanganyela lungase lugcine ubude nokuqondanisa kuyilapho ukuvuvukala kuba ngcono kanye nokuhlela okuqondile kuqhubeka. Ezimweni ezikhethiwe, uhlelo oluyisiyingi, oluxubile noma olunye lwangaphandle lungaba yingxenye yokwakhiwa kabusha okuqondile.
Ngenxa yokuthi uhlaka olunwetshiwe lungase luvimbele ukunyakaza okuhlangene, indawo yephini, i-geometry yohlaka, ukufinyelela kwezicubu ezithambile kanye nesigaba esilandelayo sokwelashwa kufanele kucatshangelwe ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo.
Ukwelulwa Kwezitho kanye Nokulungiswa Kokukhubazeka
Amafreyimu angaphandle ayindilinga futhi akhethekile angasetshenziswa ngemva kokusikwa kwethambo okuhleliwe ukushintsha kancane kancane ubude, i-angulation, ukujikeleza noma ukuhumusha. Amashejuli okulungisa anqunywa ithimba elelaphayo lokwakha kabusha izitho futhi alungiswa ngokuvumelana nama-radiographs, ukwakheka kwamathambo, ukubekezelelana kwezicubu ezithambile, ukusebenza kwezinzwa nokunyakaza kwamalunga.
Izinga lokuphazamiseka okuvame ukuxoxwa ngalo akumele lithathwe njengomyalelo wesiguli jikelele. Izinga elifanele nesigqi liyahlukahluka ngokuya nge-anatomy, ubudala, umgomo wokulungisa kanye nokusabela kwebhayoloji.
I-Joint Fusion, Nonunion kanye Nokwakhiwa Kabusha Kwezitho
Ukulungiswa kwangaphandle kungase kusetshenziswe ezinkambisweni ezikhethiwe ze-arthrodesis, ukwelashwa okungewona okuthelelekile noma okuyinkimbinkimbi, ukuthuthwa kwamathambo nokwakhiwa kabusha ngemva kokulahlekelwa kwamathambo. Lezi yizinkomba zochwepheshe ezidinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela ukuzinza, ukucindezela noma ukuphazamiseka, i-bone biology, ukuphathwa kokutheleleka kanye nokuvuselelwa.
Amasistimu amancane okulungisa angaphandle angase futhi asetshenziselwe ukuphuka okukhethiwe, ukugudluka noma izinqubo zokwakha kabusha ezihlanganisa isandla, isihlakala, unyawo noma iqakala lapho umkhiqizo uhloselwe ukusetshenziswa kanye nohlelo lokuhlinzwa lusekela lolo hlelo lokusebenza.
| Isimo somtholampilo | Iqhaza elingenzeka lokulungiswa kwangaphandle | Ukucatshangelwa okuhlela okujwayelekile |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuphuka okuvulekile ngokulimala kwezicubu ezithambile | Ukuzinzisa kwesikhashana noma ukulungiswa okuqondile okukhethiwe | Ukufinyelela amanxeba, ukungcola, ukuqondanisa kanye nokumbozwa kwezicubu ezithambile |
| I-Polytrauma noma isiguli esingazinzile | Ukuzinza kokulawula umonakalo ngokushesha | Isimo se-Physiologic, isu lokuguqulwa kamuva nokufinyelela kozimele |
| Ukuphuka kwe-periarticular okunamandla aphezulu | Uhlaka lwesikhashana oluhlanganisa ngokuhlanganyela noma ukwakha okuqondile okukhethiwe | Ukuvuvukala, ukulimala kwendawo ehlangene, ukubekwa kwephini kanye nokusikeka okuzayo |
| Ukulungiswa kokukhubazeka noma ukunwetshwa kwezitho | Ukulungiswa kancane kancane ngemva kokuhlinzwa | Uhlelo lokulungisa, vuselela amathambo, imizwa, imisipha nokunyakaza kwamalunga |
| Ukungahlali ndawonye, ukutheleleka noma ukulahleka kwamathambo | Ukuzinza, ukucindezela, ukuthuthwa kwethambo noma ukwakhiwa kabusha kwesiteji | Ibhayoloji yamathambo, ukulawula ukutheleleka, usayizi wokukhubazeka kanye nokubekezelela isiguli |
| Ukuhlanganiswa okukhethiwe | Ukucindezelwa nokugcinwa kokuqondanisa | Ukuthintana kwamathambo, ukuzinza kohlaka, izicubu ezithambile kanye nohlelo lokuthwala isisindo |
Isikhashana vs Ukulungiswa Kwangaphandle Okucacile
Isetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuzinza kusenesikhathi ngenkathi isiguli, isilonda noma izicubu ezithambile zilulama. Uhlelo lokwelapha lungase lushintshe kamuva ekulungiseni kwangaphakathi noma enye indlela yokwakha kabusha.
Uhlaka luhlala luwukulungisa okuyinhloko ngesikhathi sokuphola kokuphuka, ukuhlanganisa noma ukulungiswa kancane kancane futhi luyasuswa lapho ithimba elelaphayo linquma ukuthi umgomo wokwelapha ufinyelelwe.
Okwesikhashana akusho ukungabalulekile, futhi ukucacisa akusho unomphela. Womabili amasu adinga ukubekwa kwephinikhodi okunembile, ukuzinza okwanele kohlaka, ukuqondanisa okufanele kanye nohlelo lokulandelela olubhaliwe.
I-AAOS iphawula ukuthi i-fixator yangaphandle ingasetshenziswa lapho isikhumba nezicubu ezithambile zonakaliswe kabi kuze kube yilapho isiguli sikwazi ukubekezelela ukuhlinzwa, kanti kwezinye izimo kungase kube ukwelashwa okuqondile. Ngakho-ke indlela elungile ibhekene necala elithile kunokuba inqunywe igama ledivayisi kuphela.
Izinhlobo Zozimele Zokulungisa Zangaphandle
Uhlobo lohlaka lukhethwa ngokuya ngesifunda se-anatomical, iphethini yokuphuka noma yokwakha kabusha, ukuzinza okudingekayo, isidingo sokulungiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe okuqondene nomkhiqizo. I-XC Medico ihlanganisa imikhiqizo yayo etholakalayo ngaphakathi kwayo izinhlelo zokulungisa zangaphandle ze-orthopedic.
Ama-Monolateral External Fixators
Uhlaka lwe-monolateral lubekwe ikakhulukazi ohlangothini olulodwa lwesitho. Kuye ngesistimu, ingase inikeze ukucushwa okuqondile ngokuqhathaniswa okuqhathanisekayo kwe-bar-and-clamp kanye nokufinyelela eduze nengxenye enkulu. Ingasetshenziswa ekuhlukumezeni okukhethiwe kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezakha kabusha lapho ukuzinza okwanele kungafinyelelwa.
Abathengi abangochwepheshe bangabuyekeza okutholakalayo izinhlelo zokulungisa zangaphandle ze-monolateral , kodwa inkomba efanele kanye nokumisa kufanele kuqinisekiswe kusukela kumadokhumenti amanje okulebula kanye namasu okuhlinzwa.
Indilinga kanye Ilizarov Frames
Amafreyimu ayindilinga asebenzisa izindandatho ezixhunywe ezintanjeni eziqinile, izikhonkwane eziwuhhafu nezinduku noma ama-struts. I-geometry yabo ingasekela ukuzinza kwe-multiplanar nokulungiswa kancane kancane, okubenza bafaneleke ekuqhekekeni okuyinkimbinkimbi okukhethiwe, ukulungiswa kokukhubazeka, ukuthuthwa kwamathambo nokwakhiwa kabusha kwezitho.
Izilungisi zangaphandle eziyindilinga ze-Ilizarov ziwumndeni owodwa ngaphakathi kwalesi sigaba. Izivumelwano zokuhlanganisa nokulungiswa zidinga ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile futhi akufanele kuthathwe esithombeni somkhiqizo ojwayelekile.
I-Modular ne-Hybrid Fixators
Amasistimu we-modular avumela izingxenye ukuthi zihlelelwe izindawo ezihlukene zokuphuka kanye nezidingo zokufinyelela. Izakhiwo ezihlanganisiwe zingahlanganisa izindandatho, izintambo, izikhonkwane eziwuhhafu noma izingxenye ezihlangene ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokuqina okukhethiwe kanye nemfuneko ye-anatomy.
Ama-Mini and Joint-Spanning Fixators
Amafreyimu amancanyana angalungiselelwa ukulimala okukhethiwe kwamathambo amancane, kuyilapho ukwakheka okunwebeka ngokuhlanganyela kungavala okwesikhashana idolo elimele kakhulu, iqakala, isihlakala noma elinye ilunga. Uhlaka olunwetshiwe lungasiza ukugcina ukuqondana kodwa lungakhawulela ukunyakaza okuhlangene, ngakho ubude besikhathi nohlelo lokuvuselela ludinga ukugadwa eduze.
Ikhwalithi yethambo ibalulekile: izikhonkwane zokulungisa zangaphandle nezintambo kufanele zithole ukuthenga okwanele emathanjeni. I-osteoporosis ayenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo ukulungiswa kwangaphandle kube ngcono; ikhwalithi ephansi yamathambo ingenza ukulungiswa kube nzima futhi kufanele kucatshangelwe ekukhetheni idivayisi, isu lephini kanye nohlelo lokwelashwa lulonke.
Sisetshenziswa Kanjani Isilungisi Sangaphandle?
Ukulungiswa kwangaphandle kwenziwa endaweni yokuhlinza kusetshenziswa i-anesthesia efanele kanye nohlelo lokuthwebula izithombe. Izinyathelo eziqondile ziyahlukahluka ngendawo yomzimba, idizayini yozimele kanye nokuthi umgomo uwukuzinza kwesikhashana, ukulungiswa okuqinisekile noma ukulungiswa kancane kancane.
Ukubekwa kwephini kumele kugweme izinzwa ezibalulekile, imikhumbi, amalunga kanye nezicubu ezithambile ezilimele. Uma kulindelwe omunye umsebenzi, izingosi zamaphini kufanele nazo zihlelwe ukuze zingaphazamisi ukusikeka noma ukufakwa kamuva. Le mininingwane inqunywa ithimba labahlinzayo futhi ayikwazi ukushintshwa yimiyalelo ye-inthanethi evamile.
Odokotela Abahlinzayo Balukhetha Kanjani Uhlelo Lokulungisa Lwangaphandle?
Asikho 'esingcono kakhulu' isilungisi sangaphandle sakho konke ukuhlinzwa kwamathambo. Ukukhetha kufanele kulandele inkomba, i-anatomy kanye nokuziphatha okudingekayo komshini wokwakha okuphelele.
Amakhasi omkhiqizo afana ne- i-ankle joint fixator yangaphandle ingasiza abasebenzisi abangochwepheshe ukukhomba umndeni womkhiqizo. Azifaki esikhundleni sokulebula okusebenzayo, indlela yokuhlinzwa, ukubhaliswa kwendawo noma ukwahlulela komtholampilo okuqondene nesiguli.
Ukuthola kabusha, Ukuthwala Isisindo Nobude Besikhathi Sohlaka
Ukubuyisela kuyehluka kakhulu. Ubude befreyimu bungase buthonywe iphethini yokuphuka, ukuphulukiswa kwamathambo, ukwakhiwa kabusha kwezicubu ezithambile, ukutheleleka, umgomo wokulungisa, ubudala, impilo kanye nemvelo yemishini. Inani elimisiwe lamasonto noma izinyanga akufanele lithenjiswe kuzo zonke iziguli.
Iziqondiso ezithwala isisindo nazo zenziwe ngabanye. Ezinye izakhiwo zenzelwe ukuvumela ukulayisha okukhethiwe, kanti ezinye zidinga ukuthwala ingxenye noma okungeyona isisindo. Iziguli kufanele zilandele imiyalelo ebhaliwe yamathimba azo odokotela bamathambo kanye nokubuyisela esimweni esihle kunokuba zicabange ukuthi ukuba khona kohlaka kwenza ukuhamba kuphephe.
Ukulandelela ngokuvamile kucatshangelwa:
- ukulungiswa kwe-radiographic kanye nobufakazi bokuphulukisa noma ukuvuselela ukwakheka kwamathambo;
- Uhlaka kanye nokuqina kwephini;
- ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, isimo sesikhumba kanye nokubukeka kwendawo yephini;
- umsebenzi wezinzwa kanye nemithambo yegazi;
- ukunyakaza kwamalunga aseduze nokusebenza kwemisipha;
- inqubekela phambili ekufezeni izinhloso ezinqunyiwe zokulayisha nokuvuselela.
Ngemuva kokususwa kohlaka, ezinye iziguli zidinga ukuvikelwa, ukubhucungwa noma ukuvuselelwa okuqhubekayo. Isikhathi nokuqhubeka komsebenzi kuncike ekuhloleni kwethimba elelaphayo lokuzinza nokusebenza kwamathambo.
Izingozi, Izinkinga kanye Nokunakekelwa Kwendawo Yephinikhodi
Ukulungiswa kwangaphandle kunganikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile zokwelashwa ezimweni ezikhethiwe, kodwa futhi kunezingozi. Ukucasuka kwe-pin-site noma ukutheleleka kuphakathi kwezinkinga ezivame kakhulu. Ezinye izinkinga ezingase zibe khona zihlanganisa ukuxegiswa kwephinikhodi, ukulahlekelwa ukuqondanisa, ukulibaziseka kwenyunyana, ukungavumelani, i-malunion, ukuqina kwamalunga, ukuxhunywa kwemisipha noma ithoni, ukulimala kwenzwa noma imithambo yegazi, ukwehluleka kwehadiwe kanye nokutheleleka okujulile.
Amaphrothokholi okunakekelwa kwephinikhodi ayahluka phakathi kwezibhedlela namathimba ozimele, futhi ubufakazi abuyisekeli indlela eyodwa yokuhlanza yonke indawo yazo zonke izimo. Iziguli kufanele zisebenzise izinsiza, imvamisa kanye namasu afundiswa ithimba lazo lemitholampilo.
Xhumana nethimba elelaphayo ngokushesha ukuze ukhulise ubuhlungu ephinikhodi, ukusabalalisa ububomvu, ukuvuvukala okwandayo, ubomvu noma ukuphuma okungavamile, imfiva, ukungaphatheki kahle, ubunzima obusha bokuthwala isisindo, ukuxega, ukushintsha kwesitho, ukuba ndikindiki okusha noma isitho esiphaphathekile noma esibandayo. Izimpawu ezibucayi noma ukonakala okusolwayo kwemithambo yegazi kudinga ukuhlolwa okuphuthumayo kwezokwelapha.
Amafreyimu akufanele alungiswe, aqiniswe noma asuswe isiguli ngaphandle uma ithimba elelaphayo linikeze isimiso esinqunyiwe sokulungiswa nokuqeqeshwa. Noma yikuphi ukunyakaza kohlaka okungalindelekile noma ingxenye eyonakele kufanele kubikwe.
Izinhlelo Zokulungisa Zangaphandle Zezibhedlela Nabasabalalisi
Ezibhedlela, abasabalalisi kanye nozakwethu be-OEM/ODM, ukuhlola kufanele kufake isistimu ephelele kunebha eyodwa, iringi noma i-clamp. Izinqumo zokuthengwa kwempahla kufanele ziqinisekise ukubhaliswa okuqondene nemakethe, ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe, ukubhalwa kwempahla, ukulandeleka, ukuhlolwa kwemishini, ukulebula, imiyalelo yokuhlanza noma yokuvala inzalo, izikhonkwane nezinsimbi ezihambisanayo, ukumisa amaphakheji kanye nosekelo lwangemva kokuthengisa.
I-XC Medico izigaba zedivayisi yokulungiswa kwangaphandle zifaka izinketho ze-modular, monolateral, indilinga kanye ne-anatomy-specific. Ukutholakala nesimo sokulawula singahluka ngokwemakethe, ngakho abathengi kufanele bacele imibhalo yamanje yenombolo yekhathalogi kanye nezwe okuyiwa kulo.
| I-procurement checkpoint | Imibuzo yokuqinisekisa |
|---|---|
| Ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe | Yimaphi amathambo, izinqubo kanye nokucushwa kohlaka okufakwe kulebula yomkhiqizo wamanje? |
| Ukuphelela kwesistimu | Ingabe izikhonkwane ezihambisanayo, izintambo, izinsimbi, izinduku, izindandatho, izinsimbi nezinto ezishintshayo zikhona? |
| Amadokhumenti | Ingabe umphakeli angahlinzeka ngezitifiketi, amarekhodi okuhlola, imiyalelo yokusetshenziswa kanye nokulandeleka kwezinga lelotho? |
| Isimo esiyinyumba | Yiziphi izakhi ezinikezwa ziyinyumba noma ezingenayo inyumba, futhi yimiphi imiyalelo yokucubungula eqinisekisiwe esebenzayo? |
| Ukuqeqeshwa nokusekelwa | Ingabe isiqondiso sokuhlanganisa, izinhlu zamathuluzi, ukuqeqeshwa kwemikhiqizo nezinqubo zokusingatha izikhalazo ziyatholakala? |
| Ukufinyelela emakethe | Ingabe ukucushwa kwedivayisi okuqondile kugunyazwe imakethe yendawo kanye nenkomba ehlongozwayo? |
Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe: buyekeza imindeni etholakalayo yabalungisi bangaphandle bese ucela ikhathalogi yamanje, uhlu lwezingxenye kanye nemibhalo yokulawula eqondene nemakethe ngaphambi kokukhetha uhlelo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nokulungiswa Kwangaphandle
Yikuphi ukuhlinza kwamathambo okuvame ukusebenzisa ukulungiswa kwangaphandle?
Ukulungiswa kwangaphandle kungase kusetshenziselwe ukuphuka okuvulekile okukhethiwe, ukulimala okunzima kwezicubu ezithambile, ukuqiniswa kokulawula umonakalo, ukuphuka kwe-periarticular enamandla amakhulu, ukunwetshwa kwezitho zomzimba, ukulungiswa kokukhubazeka, ukwakhiwa kabusha okungahlangene noma ukulahlekelwa amathambo, kanye nezinqubo ezikhethiwe zokuhlanganisa ngokuhlanganyela.
Ingabe isilungisi sangaphandle sihlala singokwesikhashana?
Cha. Amanye amafreyimu angamabhuloho esikhashana aya komunye umsebenzi, kanti amanye ahloselwe ukuthi ahlale njengokwakhiwa okuqondile kokulungisa ngesikhathi sokuphulukiswa noma ukulungiswa.
Ingabe isiguli singahamba nesilungisi sangaphandle?
Kuphela uma udokotela ohlinzayo owelaphayo kanye nethimba lokuhlunyeleliswa likuvumela lokho. Isimo sokuthwala isisindo sincike ekulimaleni, ukumiswa kohlaka, ikhwalithi yamathambo, ukuphulukiswa kanye nohlelo lokwelapha jikelele.
Isilungisi sangaphandle sihlala isikhathi esingakanani?
Abukho ubude besikhathi obujwayelekile. Uhlaka luhlala luhambisana nenhloso yokwelashwa, ukuqhubeka kwe-radiographic, isimo sezicubu ezithambile, ukuzinza kanye nokuhlolwa kwethimba elelaphayo.
Ikuphi ukukhathazeka okuvame kakhulu ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwangaphandle?
Ukucasuka kwe-pin-site noma ukutheleleka kuwukukhathazeka okuvamile. Iziguli zidinga imiyalelo yokunakekelwa kwephinikhodi yomuntu ngamunye futhi kufanele zibike ubuhlungu obandayo, ukusakazeka ububomvu, ukuvuvukala, ubomvu, imfiva noma ukuxega kohlaka ngokushesha.
Ingabe ukulungiswa kwangaphandle kuphephile kunokulungisa kwangaphakathi?
Ayikho indlela ephephe kunazo zonke. Ngayinye inezinkomba ezahlukene, izinzuzo kanye nezingozi. Ukukhetha okufanele kuncike ekuqhekekeni, izicubu ezithambile, ukungcola, isimo sesiguli kanye nohlelo lokwakha kabusha.
Izinkomba Zezokwelapha Nezokulawula
- I-American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons: Ukuphuka (Amathambo Aphukile).
- Ukulawulwa Kokudla Nezidakamizwa kwase-US: Isiqondiso Sombuyekezi Samadivayisi Okulungisa Angaphandle E-Orthopedic.
- I-Royal National Orthopedic Hospital: Ukulungiswa Kwangaphandle Kokulungiswa Kwamathambo Nokwandisa.
- I-Royal National Orthopedic Hospital: I-Pin-Site Care Guide.
