![arthroscopic yacitse meniscus gusana ivi]()
Kubaga meniscus yacitse ntabwo ari igikorwa na kimwe. Bitewe n'amarira n'umurwayi, kuvura bishobora kuba birimo gusana arthroscopique, kuvanaho ingirabuzimafatizo zangiritse, kuvura imvune ya menisque cyangwa kubagwa na gato. Gufata ibyemezo bigezweho muri rusange bigamije kubungabunga imikorere yimikorere yimikorere igihe cyose isanwa rirambye rishoboka.
Aka gatabo gasobanura uburyo amarira ya menici asuzumwa, mugihe hashobora gutekerezwa kubagwa, uburyo byose imbere, imbere-hanze no gusana bitandukanye, n'impamvu gukira bidashobora guhanurwa uhereye kumurongo umwe usanzwe.
Ibyingenzi
- Ntabwo amarira ya menisque yose akeneye kubagwa; ibimenyetso, gutuza amarira, ubwiza bwumubiri, ibikomere bifitanye isano nintego zabarwayi byose bifite akamaro.
- Gusana Meniscus birinda tissue ariko mubisanzwe bisaba igihe kirekire cyo kurinda no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe kuruta meniscectomy.
- Byose-imbere, imbere-hanze na hanze-tekinike buriwese afite porogaramu zingirakamaro kandi zigarukira. Nta buryo bumwe aribwo bwiza kuri buri marira.
- Ibipimo byatsinzwe byatangajwe ntibigomba gukoreshwa nkurutonde rworoshye kuko ubushakashatsi butandukanye muburyo bwamarira, umubare wabarwayi, igikoresho, igihe cyo gukurikirana no gusobanura gutsindwa.
- Kwikorera ibiro, kuringaniza, imiti, urutonde rwimikorere no gusubira muri siporo bigomba guturuka kubitsinda rishinzwe kubaga no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe.
Meniskus yacitse ni iki?
Buri ivi rifite menisque yo hagati na menisque ikurikira. Izi fibrocartilage zikwirakwiza umutwaro, zigira uruhare muguhuza hamwe, gufasha gusiga no gufasha kurinda karitsiye. Amosozi arashobora kubaho mugihe c'imvune igoramye, hamwe n'ingaruka itaziguye cyangwa buhoro buhoro uko imyenda ihinduka mugihe.
![hagati na meniskus anatomy na zone y'amaraso]()
Menisci yo hagati na kuruhande ifite uburyo butandukanye bwo kugenda no gupakira. Ubushobozi bwo gukiza nabwo buratandukana hamwe nu marira, ubwiza bwimitsi hamwe namaraso.
Amarira akomeye ya Degenerative Meniscus
Amosozi akomeye mubisanzwe akurikira igikomere kigaragara kandi gishobora kugaragara kumuntu muto cyangwa ukora. Amosozi yangirika akura mubice byahindutse mugihe kandi bishobora kubana na osteoarthritis. Aya matsinda ntagomba gufatwa nkayasimburana: ibimenyetso bifasha gucunga amarira akomeye yitaruye ntibishobora gukoreshwa kumarira adakira, amarira yumuzi cyangwa amarira ajyanye no gukomeretsa ACL.
Uturere twa Vasculaire hamwe nubushobozi bwo gukiza
Igice cya periferique ya menisk gifite amaraso meza kuruta igice cyimbere. Abaganga basanzwe basobanura utukura-umutuku, umutuku-wera na cyera-cyera, ariko agace k'imitsi yonyine ntigaragaza niba amarira ashobora gusanwa. Amosozi amarira, uburebure, ituze, igihe kirekire, ubwiza bwimyenda, guhuza hamwe nuburyo bujyanye nabyo bigira ingaruka kubishobora gukira.
Amarira asanzwe
Amarira ya menici arashobora kuba maremare, indobo-intoki, radiyo, itambitse, flap, igoye cyangwa imizi. Indobo yimuwe indobo irashobora guhagarika kwagura ivi, mugihe amarira yumuzi arashobora guhagarika kwanduza imitwaro nubwo amarira agaragara ari mato. Ikirango kigari nka 'meniscus yatanyaguwe ' ntabwo rero gihagije kugirango uhitemo imiti.
Ibimenyetso no Gusuzuma
Ibimenyetso Rusange
Ibimenyetso bishoboka harimo kubabara kumurongo, kubyimba, gukomera, gufata, gukanda, kumva gutanga inzira cyangwa ingorane zo kunama cyangwa kugorora ivi. Ibi bimenyetso ntabwo bihariye gukomeretsa kwa menici kandi birashobora no kubaho hamwe na ligament, karitsiye cyangwa arthrite.
Ikizamini cyumubiri no Kwerekana
Umuganga asuzuma uburyo igikomere cyabaye, aho ibimenyetso bimara nigihe bimara, ibimenyetso bigenda, ubwuzu hamwe nibizamini byubushotoranyi. X-imirasire ntigaragaza neza menisk ariko irashobora kumenya kuvunika, guhuza hamwe nimpinduka za rubagimpande. Muri rusange MRI nuburyo bwatoranijwe bwo gufata amashusho kubantu bakekwaho kurira bikabije, mugihe gukenera amashusho biterwa nubuvuzi.
Iyo ivi rifunze rikeneye isuzuma ryihuse
Ivi ridashobora kwaguka neza nyuma yimvune ikaze irashobora kuba irimo amarira yimuwe cyangwa indi mbogamizi. Ubuyobozi bwa AAOS buvuga ko kwimura cyangwa kwimura amarira akaze agabanya umuvuduko bishobora kugirira akamaro isuzuma ryihuse kandi birashobora gutekerezwa kubitangira hakiri kare.
Ese amarira ya Meniscus yose akeneye kubagwa?
Oya. Kuvura biterwa no kumenya niba amarira arakaze cyangwa yangirika, yaba ahamye cyangwa yimuwe, niba ibimenyetso bigenda neza hamwe no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe ndetse n’uko inyama zifite amahirwe yo gusana.
Kuvura bidakorewe
Guhindura ibikorwa, gucunga ibimenyetso no kuvura umubiri bishobora gutekerezwa kumarira yatoranijwe. Intego irashobora kunozwa ububabare, kugenda, imbaraga nimirimo; ibi ntibisobanura byanze bikunze amarira abura kuri MRI. Indwara ya degenerative ikunze kwiyegereza muburyo bwa mbere nta kubaga, mugihe amarira akaze asaba isuzuma ryihariye.
Iyo Kubaga Bishobora Gutekerezwa
Impamvu zishoboka zirimo amarira yimuwe agabanya icyerekezo, ibimenyetso bikomeza nubwo bititaweho bidakenewe, amarira akomeye ashobora gukosorwa gutinda bishobora kugabanya ubushobozi bwo gusana, cyangwa uburyo bwo kurira nko gukomeretsa imizi ihindura imikorere yimari. Kubaga ntibigomba gusabwa gusa kuko MRI ivuga amarira.
Ibintu bigira uruhare mu gusana
| Impamvu |
Impamvu bifite akamaro |
| Amosozi |
Amarira maremare, radiyo, imizi n'amarira bigoye bisaba ingamba zitandukanye zo gusana. |
| Aho biherereye |
Inyama za periferique muri rusange zifite amaraso meza, ariko amarira yatoranijwe imbere arashobora gusuzumwa kugirango asanwe. |
| Ubwiza bw'inyama |
Uturemangingo tworoshye cyangwa twangirika ntidushobora gufata suture neza. |
| Gusimburwa no gushikama |
Amarira yimuwe cyangwa mumashini adahindagurika arashobora gusaba gusuzumwa mbere. |
| Ibikomere bifitanye isano |
Imvune ya ACL, kwangirika kwa karitsiye, malalignment cyangwa kuvunika birashobora guhindura kubaga no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe. |
| Impamvu z'abarwayi |
Ibimenyetso, intego zikorwa, imyaka, ubuzima nubushobozi bwo gukurikira reabilité bigira ingaruka kuri gahunda. |
Ingano y'ingenzi: umurongo ngenderwaho wa 2024 AAOS ukabije wihariye wa menisiki ya patologiya ntabwo ukubiyemo amarira adakira cyangwa yangirika, amarira ya menisque, amarira asubiramo cyangwa ibikomere bya menici hamwe na ACL, kuvunika cyangwa indwara ya karitsiye. Ibyifuzo bigomba gukoreshwa mumatsinda meza yabarwayi.
Meniscus Gusana vs Igice cya Meniscectomy
Gusana Meniscus
Gusana ibibanza cyangwa igikoresho cyemewe cyo gukosora hejuru y amarira kugirango ugarure ingirabuzimafatizo kandi ubungabunge menisk nyinshi zishoboka. Mubisanzwe birashimwa mugihe amarira afite ubushobozi bwo gukiza kandi gukosorwa gushikamye birashobora kugerwaho. Urudandazwa ni igihe kirekire, kirinda umutekano wo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe kandi ibyago bishobora gusanwa ntibishobora gukira cyangwa bishobora kongera kurira.
Meniscectomy
Igice cya meniscectomy gikuraho gusa igice kidahindagurika cyangwa kidasubirwaho mugihe kigumana imyenda ikora nkuko bishoboka. Gukira birashobora kwihuta kuko ntamwanya wogusanwa wokwirinda, ariko gukuraho ingirabuzimafatizo zigabanya ubushobozi bwo kugabura imitwaro kandi birashobora kuba bifitanye isano no kwangirika nyuma. Umubare n'ahantu ikibazo cyo kwanga.
Ese gusana buri gihe ni byiza?
Kubungabunga ni intego nyamukuru, ariko ntabwo amarira yose ashobora gusanwa neza. Ubuyobozi bwa AAOS butanga imbaraga zingirakamaro zishobora gusana zishobora kunoza umusaruro ugereranije na meniscectomie igice cyamarira akomeye yitaruye afite ubushobozi bwo gukiza. Ntabwo bivuze ko gusana biruta buri kintu cyose cyangirika, kigoye cyangwa cyamaraso.
| Gutekereza |
Meniscus Gusana |
Igice cya Meniscectomy |
| Intego nyamukuru |
Kubika no gukiza tissue ya meniscal. |
Kuraho igice kidahindagurika cyangwa kidasubirwaho mugihe urinze ibisigaye. |
| Gukira |
Akenshi birinda kandi birebire. |
Akenshi yemerera iterambere ryihuse, bitewe nibindi byagaragaye. |
| Imipaka ntarengwa |
Ibyago byo gukira kutuzuye cyangwa kongera kurira. |
Gutakaza burundu ingirabuzimafatizo zimwe. |
| Guhitamo |
Biterwa no gusana no gukosora ingamba. |
Birashobora gutekerezwa mugihe gusana igihe kirekire bidashoboka. |
Uburyo bwo Gusana Meniscus
Gusana Arthroscopique bikorwa binyuze kumurongo muto ukoresheje kamera nibikoresho byihariye. Guhitamo tekinike biterwa nu marira, kwinjira, anatomiya ya neurovasculaire, ubwiza bwimitsi hamwe nuburambe bwa muganga hamwe nibikoresho hamwe nuburyo bwo gusana.
![byose-imbere imbere-hanze no hanze-muri tekinike yo gusana menisk]()
Gusana meniscal birashobora gukoresha ibikoresho byose-imbere, inshinge-imbere, hanze-suture cyangwa ingamba zivanze. Ikigereranyo kirigisha kandi ntabwo kiyobora inzira.
Byose-Imbere Gusana
Byose-imbere byo gusana byohereza ibyakosowe bivuye imbere kandi mubisanzwe birinda gukomeretsa inyuma. Irashobora kugabanya intambwe zikorwa muburyo bukwiye, ariko igishushanyo mbonera, ubujyakuzimu bwimbitse, gufata tissue hamwe na anatomie ikikije bisaba gutekereza neza. 'Byose-imbere ' ntabwo byemeza ko byakira vuba kuko gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe bigenwa n'amarira no gusana, ntabwo ari ibikoresho byo gutanga gusa.
Gusana Imbere-Hanze
Imbere-gusana inyura suture ziva mumutwe unyuze muri capsule hanyuma uyihambire hanze. Itanga ibintu byoroshye mugushira suture kandi ikomeza kuba amahitamo yashizweho kumubiri n'amarira yinyuma. Igikoresho cyo gukingira no kurinda ibyubaka imitsi yinyuma irashobora gukenerwa.
Hanze-Mu Gusana
Hanze-yo gusana iyobora inshinge zivuye hanze yivi zinjira mu gihimba kandi mubisanzwe bifatwa nkamahembe yimbere cyangwa imbere yumubiri. Ibyiza nibibazo biterwa nigishushanyo mbonera, inzira y'urushinge hamwe na suture.
Gusana imizi ya Meniscus
Amarira yumuzi afite akamaro kanini kandi arashobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukuramo transtibial cyangwa uburyo bushingiye kuri ankeri kubarwayi batoranijwe. Gusana imizi bifite ibimenyetso bitandukanye kandi akenshi bitandukanye nyuma yo kubagwa nyuma yubusanzwe busanzwe bwo gusana.
Gusana Hybrid
Amarira amwe amara akarere karenze imwe cyangwa bisaba icyerekezo kinini cyo gukosora. Uburyo bwa Hybrid bukomatanya tekinike yo gukemura amarira mugihe ucunga uburyo n'umutekano. Ibindi byatewe cyangwa suture ntabwo bihita bitanga ibisubizo byiza; gufata tissue no kubaka igishushanyo gikomeza kuba ingenzi.
Kubisobanuro birambuye bya tekiniki bigenewe abasomyi babigize umwuga, reba ingingo ya XC Medico kuri tekinike ya suture.
Ibimenyetso bivuga iki kubyerekeye kunanirwa gusana?
Impamvu ibiciro byatsinzwe biratandukanye
Ubushakashatsi busobanura gutsindwa ukundi. Bamwe babara inshuro nyinshi kubagwa, bamwe babara ibimenyetso bikomeza, abandi harimo ibya MRI. Ibisubizo kandi biratandukanye hamwe no gukurikirana igihe, uruhande rwa meniscus, uburyo bwo kurira, kwiyubaka kwa ACL, igihe cyo kubaga, ibikoresho na protocole yo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe.
Isuzuma ryigihe kirekire ryagaragaje ko muri rusange ibipimo byatsinzwe bigera kuri 19% ugasanga itandukaniro rikomeye mubushakashatsi. Irindi suzuma ryo gusana byibuze imyaka itanu yo gukurikiranwa ryatangaje ko ibipimo byananiranye bigezweho imbere-hanze na kijyambere-byose byo gusana. Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi ntibigomba guhuzwa mubishushanyo mbonera byerekana ibikoresho bidahuye nabantu nuburyo.
Nigute ushobora gusobanura ibimenyetso: ijanisha ryatangajwe risobanura amatsinda, ntabwo umurwayi kugiti cye. Itandukaniro riri hagati yibipimo bibiri ntabwo byerekana ko igikoresho cyonyine cyateje itandukaniro. Guhitamo amarira, ubwiza bwimyenda, guhuza ACL kwiyubaka, gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe hamwe nuburebure bwo gukurikirana byose bishobora kugira ingaruka kubisubizo.
Ingaruka nibibazo bishoboka
Ingaruka zishobora guterwa no kubaga menisiti zirimo kunanirwa gusana cyangwa kongera kurira, kwandura, gukomera, gutembera kw'amaraso, gukomeretsa kwa karitsiye, kurakara bivuye kumutera cyangwa kudoda, no gukomeretsa imitsi cyangwa imitsi y'amaraso. Imyirondoro ishobora gutandukana hagati yubuhanga bwo gusana na meniscectomy igice.
Gusana Kunanirwa cyangwa Kongera kurira
Meniskus yasanwe ntishobora gukira cyangwa irashobora kongera kurira mugihe cyo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe cyangwa nyuma yaho. Kunanirwa birashobora kubaho kurenza umwaka wambere nyuma yibikorwa, kubikurikirana rero ntibigomba gusobanurwa nkikimenyetso cyerekana intsinzi ndende.
Kwinangira no gutakaza imbaraga
Kurinda gusana bigomba kuringanizwa no kugarura imikorere n'imitsi. Iterambere rikaze cyane rishobora kurenza urugero gukiza ibice, mugihe kumara igihe kirekire bidakenewe bishobora kugira intege nke cyangwa gukomera.
Ubuhanga-bwihariye
Imbere-hanze n'inzira-y'urushinge bisaba kwitondera imitsi hamwe nimiyoboro. Ibikoresho byose byimbere bisaba uburebure bwimbitse hamwe nu mwanya watewe. Gusana imizi bizana tunnel- cyangwa inanga zijyanye n'ibitekerezo. Izi nimpamvu zamahugurwa asanzwe hamwe nibikoresho byihariye.
Gusana Meniskus
Gukira nyuma yo gusana meniscus byombi bishingiye ku gihe kandi bishingiye ku bipimo . Gusana bikenera igihe cyo gukiza ibinyabuzima, ariko gutera imbere nanone biterwa no kubyimba, urwego rwimikorere, imbaraga, ubwiza bwimikorere no gupima imikorere.
Kwikorera Ibiro hamwe no Kuringaniza
Gusana bimwe byemerera uburemere hakiri kare, mugihe imizi, imirasire cyangwa igoye gusana birashobora gusaba uburinzi bukomeye. Imyanya yimyanya nigihe bimara nabyo biratandukanye. Abarwayi ntibagomba kwigana protocole yundi muntu cyangwa ingengabihe kuva mu ngingo rusange.
Urwego rwo kugenda n'imbaraga
Gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe gukemura kubyimba, kwadriceps gukora, kugenda kumavi n'imbaraga ziterambere. Igihe cyo guhindukirira ivi ryimbitse, guswera, pivoti nigikorwa cyibikorwa biterwa nakarere kasanwe hamwe na protocole yitsinda rivura.
Garuka ku kazi
Akazi keza, guhagarara umwanya muremure, kuzamuka, gupfukama hamwe nakazi gakomeye gashyira ibintu bitandukanye kumavi. Ubuyobozi bw'abarwayi AAOS bwerekana ko igihe kiri kure y'akazi gishobora kuba kirekire nyuma yo gusanwa kuruta nyuma ya meniscectomie igice, ariko ibyifuzo bya buri muntu biratandukanye cyane.
Garuka muri Siporo
Amakuru ya AAOS yerekana ko abakinnyi bashobora gusaba hafi amezi ane kugeza kuri arindwi nyuma yo kubagwa kubera imvune ikabije ya menici. Gusana imizi, amarira akomeye, guhuza ACL kwiyubaka cyangwa gutinda gukira imbaraga birashobora gusaba igihe gitandukanye. Clearance igomba gusuzuma imikorere nibisabwa na siporo, ntabwo ari kalendari yonyine.
| Agace ko kugarura |
Niki kigira ingaruka kumajyambere |
| Kwikorera ibiro |
Uburyo bwo kurira, gutuza neza, uruhare rwumuzi, inzira zijyanye na protocole yo kubaga. |
| Urwego rwo kugenda |
Gusana ahantu, guhangayikishwa na tissue muguhindagurika, kubyimba no kwerekana intambwe. |
| Komeza imyitozo |
Ububabare, effusion, kugenzura quadriceps, ubwiza bwimikorere nicyiciro cyo gukiza. |
| Kwiruka no pivoti |
Kwipimisha kumikorere, guhuza imbaraga, kwihanganira ingaruka nibisabwa na siporo. |
| Gusubira muri siporo |
Igihe cyo kubagwa hiyongereyeho ivuriro, imbaraga, kugenda hamwe nibitekerezo byo kwitegura. |
Shakisha inama zihuse kubuvivi bufunze, kutabasha kwihanganira ibiro nyuma yo gukomeretsa bikabije, kwiyongera vuba kubyimba, umuriro, gukuramo ibikomere, kongera umutuku, kubabara inyana cyane cyangwa kubyimba, kubabara mu gatuza cyangwa guhumeka neza. Kubabara mu gatuza cyangwa guhumeka birashobora gusaba isuzuma ryihutirwa.
Meniscus Gusana Ibikoresho nibikoresho
XC Medico itanga ibicuruzwa kubikorwa byatoranijwe byo gusana ibikorwa, harimo a sisitemu yo kubaga meniskus , a kabiri igororotse meniskus gusana urushinge kandi rugari ibikoresho byo gusana menisk.
Abakiriya bubaka arthroscopy portfolio barashobora kandi gusuzuma XC Medico ibikoresho bya arthroscopy, arthroscopic blade na burrs kandi byuzuye sisitemu yubuvuzi bwimikino na siporo.
Guhitamo ibikoresho, guhuza, imipaka yoherejwe, imiterere itajenjetse, imikoreshereze yagenewe no kugenzura iboneka bigomba kwemezwa uhereye kubicuruzwa byemewe. Ibicuruzwa biranga ibicuruzwa ntibigomba gusobanurwa nkubwishingizi bwo gukira, gukira vuba cyangwa igipimo cyo hasi.
Menyesha XC Medico kubicuruzwa byihariye, iboneza ry'ibikoresho, amakuru ya kataloge hamwe n'amasoko yihariye ya sisitemu yo gusana menisk.
Menyesha XC Medico
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Meniscus yacitse irashobora gukira nta kubaga?
Amarira amwe arashobora gucungwa atabanje kubagwa, cyane cyane iyo ahamye kandi ibimenyetso bikagenda neza hamwe no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe. Ubushobozi bwo gukiza nibimenyetso byiterambere ntabwo bisa, kubwibyo kuvura bigomba gushingira kumashusho yuzuye yubuvuzi.
Ni ryari harebwa kubagwa kwa menisque?
Kubaga birashobora gufatwa nkamarira yimuwe abuza kugenda, ibimenyetso bikomeza nyuma yubuvuzi bukwiye budakorewe, guhitamo amarira akaze cyangwa uburyo bwo kurira bubangamira cyane imikorere yimari.
Ese meniscus gusana biruta meniscectomy?
Gusana bibika imyenda kandi birashobora guhitamo mugihe gukira kuramba ari ibintu bifatika. Meniscectomy igice irashobora gutekerezwa mugihe ingirangingo zangiritse zidashobora gusanwa neza. Ntabwo ari amahitamo ahita ari meza kuri buri marira.
Gutwara menisk birafata igihe kingana iki?
Gukira biratandukanye nubwoko bwamarira, uburyo bwo gusana, kubaga bifitanye isano niterambere ryimikorere. Garuka muri siporo nyuma yo gusana gukabije birashobora gufata amezi menshi, ariko gusana imizi cyangwa bigoye gusana hamwe nuburyo bukomatanyije burashobora gukurikiza gahunda zitandukanye.
Byose imbere-imbere no gusana ibyagezweho ni bimwe?
Ubushakashatsi buvanze kandi biterwa nabaturage bize kandi barira. Ubuhanga bugezweho bushobora kugira ibisubizo birebire byigihe kirekire mubisubizo bimwe, mugihe andi matsinda yatoranijwe yerekana itandukaniro. Tekinike igomba guhuzwa n'amarira aho guhitamo kuva ku ijanisha rimwe.
Ni ryari umuntu ashobora gusubira kwiruka nyuma yo gusana menisk?
Kwiruka bigomba gutangira nyuma yitsinda rishinzwe kuvura ryemeje gukira bihagije, kugenda, imbaraga, kugenzura no kwihanganira ingaruka. Itariki ya kalendari yonyine ntabwo ihagije kugirango yemererwe.
Reba
- Ishuri Rikuru ry’Abanyamerika babaga amagufwa. Amabwiriza ngenderwaho ya Clinical yo kuyobora imiyoborere ikaze yitaruye. Soma umurongo ngenderwaho wa AAOS.
- Ishuri Rikuru ry’Abanyamerika babaga amagufwa. Amavuriro yubuvuzi Amabwiriza yincamake hamwe namakuru yumurwayi kuri acute menised patology patology. Subiramo ibikoresho bya AAOS.
- Pujol N, n'abandi. Gusubira mu buzima busanzwe bwa EU-Amerika Meniscus 2024 Ubwumvikane, Igice cya I: Gucunga neza nyuma yo kubagwa kwa Meniscus. Soma ibyanditswe byuzuye.
- Pujol N, n'abandi. Gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe Meniskus EU-Amerika 2024 Ubwumvikane, Igice cya II: Kuvura bidakorwa no gusubira muri siporo. Soma ibyanditswe byuzuye.
- Schweizer C, n'abandi. 19 ku ijana byo gusana meniskus byavuguruwe kandi kunanirwa bishobora kubaho nyuma yumwaka wa kabiri nyuma yibikorwa. Soma isubiramo rifatika.
- Ibisubizo byo Gusana Meniscal Kurenza Imyaka 5: Isubiramo Itunganijwe na Meta-isesengura. Reba inyandiko yatangajwe.
Amatangazo yamakuru yubuvuzi: Iyi ngingo itanga uburezi rusange kubarwayi, inzobere mu buvuzi n’abakwirakwiza ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi. Ntabwo isuzuma imvune yumugabo, irasaba kubagwa, gutanga imiti cyangwa gutanga protocole yumuntu ku giti cye. Amabwiriza yo kuvura no gukira agomba guturuka kubashinzwe ubuvuzi babishoboye bamenyereye umurwayi nuburyo bwihariye.
