Indlela yokukhetha i-Eright Hip Implant

I-hip prosthesis sisixhobo sonyango esifakelwayo esinamacandelo amathathu: isiqu se-femoral, intloko ye-femoral kunye nekomityi ye-acetabular. Ezi zintathu zithatha indawo ye-hip joint eyonakele, ukubuyisela ukuhamba kunye nokunciphisa intlungu kwisigulane.

01.Ngawaphi amacandelo e-a i-hip prosthesis?

I-hip prosthesis ineziqendu ezintathu eziphambili:

Isiqu se-femoral

emva kokususa intloko yesigulane yesigulane, i-canal yesigulane yesigulane ihlaziywa kwaye i-femoral stem ifakwe. Isiqu se-femoral sinokuthi sifakwe isamente okanye singamiswanga (ubuchule bokucinezela) ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yesigulana, i-morphology, idiosyncrasies yamathambo kunye nemikhwa kagqirha.

INtloko yeFemoral

Intloko engqukuva eyenziwe ngentsimbi, ipholima okanye i-ceramic ibekwe kumphezulu wesiqu se-femoral ukuze ithathe indawo yentloko ye-femoral eyonakeleyo ethe yasuswa.

Iprosthesis yeAcetabular (okanye iprothesis yekomityi)

i-cartilage eyonakalisiweyo ukusuka phezulu kwe-acetabulum, apho intloko ye-femoral yakudala ikhona, iyasuswa. Endaweni yayo kukho i-tapered acetabular prosthesis. Izikrufu okanye isamente zingasetyenziselwa ukuyibamba kwindawo yayo. Ngaphakathi kule ndebe kukho iplastiki, i-ceramic okanye i-metal inlay eya kuqhagamshelana nentloko ye-femoral edibeneyo.

02. Ziziphi izinto eziphambili ezisetyenziselwa ukufakelwa kwe-hip?

Iiprostheses ze-Hip zinokwahlulwa ngokwezinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza. Okwangoku, ezi mathiriyeli zingahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu:

Iintsimbi

Iintsimbi ezithile, ezifana nentsimbi engatyiwa, i-cobalt-chromium alloy okanye i-titanium zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iziqu ze-femoral.

Iipolymers

i-polyethylene, iplastiki enzima kakhulu kunye neyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi. Yinto engasebenziyo kunye ne-biocompatible kakhulu eye yaziswa kwi-orthopedics kwiminyaka ye-1960 njengenxalenye ye-cemented acetabular prostheses. Namhlanje, esi sixhobo sisasetyenziswa kwezinye izigulane, kodwa i-downside kukuba ekuhambeni kwexesha, kukho umngcipheko wokuba i-prosthesis iya kuguga ngaphandle kweplastiki, ngoko ke ubomi beprosthesis buya kufinyezwa. Nangona kunjalo, lo mngcipheko usenakho ukuncitshiswa njengoko ezinye izigulana zinokugcina le prosthesis ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka engama-30 kwaye abanye iminyaka embalwa kuphela.

▲Ifoto: I-PROCOTYL® L ye-Acetabular Cup (IiMveliso ze-Orthopedic eziHlanganisayo: Iyahambelana ne-Delta Ceramic Liners kunye ne-A-Class Highly Cross-Linked Polyethylene Liners)

Ummandla wokuhamba phakathi kwentloko ye-femoral kunye nendebe ye-femoral idala into esiyibiza ngokuba yi-friction moment. Yeyona ndawo ibuthathaka kakhulu yeprosthesis, ngakumbi malunga nokunxiba kunye nokukrazula. Kukho izibini ezine ezinokwenzeka:

-Ceramic-polyethylene

-I-Ceramic-ceramic

-Metal-polyethylene

-Metal-intsimbi

Isibini ngasinye sokukhuhlana sineengenelo kunye nokungonakali, kwaye ugqirha wamathambo uya kukhetha eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokudibanisa i-friction esekelwe kwiikhrayitheriya ezininzi, kubandakanywa iminyaka yesigulane, umsebenzi womzimba kunye neenkcukacha zamathambo.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iiprotheses zetsimbi azikhuthazwa ngokubanzi. Ezinye iinkampani ezivelisa ukufakelwa okunjalo zagqiba ekubeni ziyeke ukuzithengisa ngo-2010-2011, kwaye ukuze kuxhamle izigulane, zagqiba ekubeni zikhumbule ezo zifakelo ezingazange zisetyenziswe. Ingxaki ibangelwa kukukhuhlana phakathi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zofakelo, kwaye oku kukhuhlana kunokukhupha amasuntswana esinyithi angena egazini. Kwi-joint hip, ezi zincinci zincinci zingabangela ukusabela okungahambi kakuhle, okukhokelela kwiintlungu zendawo kunye nezilonda.

03 . Ziziphi iindlela eziphambili zokulungiswa kweeprotheses ze-hip?

Iiprostheses zinokulungiswa kwi-femur okanye i-acetabulum ngokufaka i-cementing yotyando okanye ukuvuselelwa kwamathambo okwesibini (amaqhinga angagxininiswanga okanye anyanzeliswayo). Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-femoral stem edibeneyo idibaniswa nekomityi ye-femoral engafakwanga. Iimpawu zobu buchule zichazwe ngezantsi:

Kusetyenziswa ubuchule botyando besamente

isamente yethambo esetyenziswayo yi i-acrylic polymer . Iqinisa ngaphakathi kwemizuzu eyi-15 ngexesha lenkqubo kwaye ibeka ngokukhawuleza emva kokulungiswa.

Kusetyenziswa iindlela ezingamiselwanga okanye zokucofa-fit

Iiprostheses ezingabonakaliyo (i-prosthetic rods okanye iikomityi) zizinzile emva kweeveki ezintandathu ukuya kwezilishumi elinesibini ngenxa yesiganeko sokuvuselelwa kwamathambo. Ukukhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwamathambo, umphezulu weprosthesis udla ngokugqithwa ngomgca omncinci we-hydroxyapatite, inxalenye yamaminerali ethambo. Ithambo elisondeleyo liyayibona i-hydroxyapatite njengenye yamacandelo ayo kwaye emva koko ikhula ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kwethambo le-prosthesis. I-Hydroxyapatite inokuveliswa ngamachiza.

04. Ingaba i-hip prosthesis ihlala ixesha elingakanani?

Ubomi benkonzo yeprostheses bunyukile kwiminyaka yamuva nje: kwizigulane ezingaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala, umlinganiselo wezigulane ezine-prostheses ezisasebenza emva kweminyaka elishumi yokusetyenziswa malunga ne-99%.

Amanani afanayo angabonwa kubantu abadala kwaye ngoko ke abaguli abahleliyo. Ngoko ke, utyando lokutshintshwa kwe-hip lunokwenziwa kwizigulane zabo bonke ubudala.

Ubomi benkonzo yeprosthesis buxhomekeke ikakhulu kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

-ubudala besigulane, isalathisi sobunzima bomzimba kunye nenqanaba lomsebenzi

-Ubukhulu bentloko yokufakelwa

-uhlobo lomzuzu wokukhuhlana

Kwimeko yokugqibela, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ixesha elide leprothesis lixhomekeke kumlinganiselo omkhulu ekubunjweni kweprothesis. Xa zombini intloko ye-femoral kunye nekomityi ye-prosthetic yenziwe ngetsimbi okanye i-ceramic, iingenelo eziphambili zixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu lokunxiba kunye nethuba lokusebenzisa intloko ye-femoral ebanzi, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokukhutshwa. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba kukho umngcipheko wokusasazwa kwe-debris kwi-tissue ejikeleze i-prosthesis xa i-metal-to-metal kunye ne-ceramic-to-ceramic prostheses zidibaniswe. Nangona iiprostheses ezenziwe nge-ceramic-ceramic zaphuka ngaphantsi kuneprostheses zetsimbi-metal kwaye zixhathisa ngakumbi kukhukuliseko olukhukulisayo kunezimbini zentsimbi, kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngononophelo.

05. Ziziphi iingozi ezinxulumene ne-hip prostheses?

Ukongeza kwimingcipheko ekhoyo kuyo nayiphi na ingenelelo lotyando (imingcipheko ye-anesthesia, izifo ezifunyenwe esibhedlele), iingxaki zingenzeka:

Umngcipheko wokukhutshwa

le yeyona ngxaki iphambili kwizigulane kwaye umngcipheko uyahluka ngokuhamba kwexesha. Iphezulu kakhulu kwiinyanga zokuqala emva kokuhlinzwa kwaye iyancipha emva konyaka wokuqala. Iya kwanda ngokucothayo kwakhona ekuhambeni kwexesha. Kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokukhokelela ekukhutshweni, ezinokunxulumana nesigulane, utyando kunye nokufakelwa, okanye ukulandelwa emva kokuhlinzwa. Umngcipheko wokuphindaphinda uyanda kakhulu emva kwesiqendu sokuqala sokuchithwa.

Umngcipheko wosulelo

nayiphi na inkqubo yotyando inomngcipheko wokusuleleka, kwaye xa iprosthesis ifakwe, lo mngcipheko uyanda njengoko umzimba wangaphandle ungena emzimbeni. Ngale ndlela, i-immune system iguqulwa kwaye indawo yendawo ye-immunodeficiency idalwe. Iintsholongwane ezihlala zingenalo ithuba lokusinda zinokukhula kulo mzimba wasemzini. Lo mngcipheko wosulelo unokwenzeka ngakumbi kubantu abadala ngenxa yokuba banokhuselo lomzimba olulambathayo. Ezinye izinto, ezifana nokutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo, okwenza kube nzima ukungenelela, okanye isifo seswekile, esinciphisa amandla omzimba, kunye nokutshaya, kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokusuleleka.

Umngcipheko wokwaliwa

ezinye izinto ezisetyenziswa kwiprothezi zinamandla okubangela ukuguquguquka komzimba.

Umngcipheko wokuhlinzwa ngokutsha

Ukungaphumeleli, ukuguga kunye nokukrazula, okanye ukugqabhuka kweprothesis kunokufuna utyando oluhlaziyiweyo.