Yuav Ua Li Cas Xaiv Txoj Cai Hip Implant

Lub hip prosthesis yog ib qho khoom siv kho mob implantable uas muaj peb ntu: lub femoral qia, lub taub hau femoral thiab lub khob acetabular. Peb qhov chaw no hloov cov pob qij txha puas, rov ua kom muaj zog thiab txo qhov mob rau tus neeg mob.

01.Dab tsi yog cov khoom ntawm a lub xub pwg prosthesis?

Lub hip prosthesis muaj peb yam tseem ceeb:

Lub femoral qia

Tom qab tshem tus neeg mob lub taub hau femoral, tus neeg mob lub femoral kwj dej yog reamed thiab lub femoral qia yog muab tso rau. Lub qia femoral tej zaum yuav cemented los yog uncemented (nias haum txheej txheem) nyob ntawm tus neeg mob lub hnub nyoog, morphology, pob txha idiosyncrasies thiab tus kws kho mob tus cwj pwm.

Femoral taub hau

Lub taub hau kheej kheej ua los ntawm cov hlau, polymer lossis ceramic yog muab tso rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub femoral qia los hloov lub taub hau qub uas raug tshem tawm.

Acetabular prosthesis (los yog khob prosthesis)

cov pob txha puas los ntawm sab saum toj ntawm acetabulum, qhov twg lub taub hau qub femoral nyob, raug tshem tawm. Hauv nws qhov chaw yog tapered acetabular prosthesis. Cov ntsia hlau lossis cov cement tuaj yeem siv los tuav nws hauv qhov chaw. Sab hauv lub khob no yog yas, ceramic lossis hlau inlay uas yuav ua rau kev sib cuag nrog lub taub hau prosthetic femoral.

02. Dab tsi yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb uas siv rau lub plab prostheses?

Hip prostheses tuaj yeem sib txawv raws li cov khoom siv los ua lawv. Tam sim no, cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb hom:

Hlau

Qee cov hlau, xws li stainless hlau, cobalt-chromium alloy lossis titanium yog siv los ua femoral stems.

Polymers

polyethylene, yas tawv heev thiab cov khoom siv feem ntau hauv ntiaj teb. Nws yog ib qho inert thiab heev biocompatible khoom uas tau nkag mus rau hauv orthopedics nyob rau hauv 1960s raws li ib feem ntawm cemented acetabular prostheses. Niaj hnub no, cov khoom siv no tseem siv tau rau qee cov neeg mob, tab sis qhov tsis zoo yog tias dhau sijhawm, muaj kev pheej hmoo tias cov pob qij txha yuav hnav tawm ntawm cov yas, thiab yog li ntawd lub neej ntawm prosthesis yuav luv luv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev pheej hmoo no tseem tuaj yeem txo qis vim qee tus neeg mob tuaj yeem khaws cov khoom siv no ntev txog 30 xyoo thiab lwm tus tsuas yog ob peb xyoos xwb.

▲ Duab: PROCOTYL® L Acetabular Cup (Minimally Invasive Orthopedic Products: Compatible with Delta Ceramic Liners thiab A- Class Highly Cross-Linked Polyethylene Liners)

Qhov chaw ntawm kev txav ntawm lub taub hau femoral thiab lub khob femoral tsim qhov peb hu ua lub sijhawm sib txhuam. Nws yog qhov tsis muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm prosthesis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm hnav thiab tsim kua muag. Muaj plaub qhov ua tau ua khub:

-Ceramic-polyethylene

-Ceramic-ceramic

- Hlau-polyethylene

- Hlau-hlau

Txhua tus khub kev sib txhuam muaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, thiab tus kws kho mob orthopedic yuav xaiv qhov kev sib txhuam uas tsim nyog tshaj plaws raws li ntau yam, suav nrog tus neeg mob lub hnub nyoog, kev ua si ntawm lub cev, thiab cov pob txha tshwj xeeb.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias cov hlau prostheses feem ntau tsis pom zoo. Qee lub tuam txhab tsim cov kev cog ntoo zoo li no tau txiav txim siab tso tseg muag hauv xyoo 2010-2011, thiab rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov neeg mob, txiav txim siab rov qab cov kev cog qoob loo uas tsis tau siv. Qhov teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib txhuam ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom cog, thiab qhov kev sib txhuam no tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov hlau me me uas nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Hauv kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lub duav, cov khoom me me no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj, ua rau muaj mob thiab qhov txhab.

03 ib. Dab tsi yog txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho lub duav prostheses?

Prostheses tuaj yeem kho rau lub femur lossis acetabulum los ntawm kev phais mob los yog cov pob txha hauv nruab nrab (cov txheej txheem tsis ua haujlwm lossis cov txheej txheem compression). Feem ntau, ib qho cemented femoral qia yog txuam nrog uncemented femoral khob. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem no tau piav qhia hauv qab no:

Cov txheej txheem phais pob txha cementing yog siv

cov pob txha cement siv yog ib qho acrylic polymer . Nws hardens nyob rau hauv 15 feeb thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem thiab teem tam sim ntawd tom qab fixation.

Cov txheej txheem tsis sib xws los yog nias-haum yog siv

Uncemented prostheses (prosthetic rods los yog khob) stabilize tom qab rau mus rau kaum ob lub lis piam vim qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov pob txha regeneration. Txhawm rau txhawb kev tsim cov pob txha, qhov saum npoo ntawm cov pob txha feem ntau yog coated nrog ib txheej nyias ntawm hydroxyapatite, ib qho ntxhia hauv pob txha. Cov pob txha uas nyob ib sab lees paub hydroxyapatite ua ib qho ntawm nws cov khoom thiab tom qab ntawd loj hlob sai ntawm cov pob txha txheej ntawm cov pob txha. Hydroxyapatite tuaj yeem tsim tshuaj lom neeg.

04. Lub plab prosthesis ntev npaum li cas?

Kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm prostheses tau nce nyob rau xyoo tas los no: hauv cov neeg mob hnub nyoog qis dua 50 xyoo, qhov feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov neeg mob uas nws cov prostheses tseem ua haujlwm tom qab kaum xyoo ntawm kev siv yog kwv yees li 99%.

Cov duab zoo sib xws tuaj yeem pom hauv cov laus thiab yog li cov neeg mob sedentary. Yog li ntawd, kev phais hloov lub duav tuaj yeem ua tau rau cov neeg mob ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog.

Lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm lub prosthesis feem ntau yog nyob ntawm cov hauv qab no:

-tus neeg mob lub hnub nyoog, lub cev qhov hnyav thiab qib kev ua haujlwm

-Txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub taub hau prosthetic

- hom kev sib txhuam lub sijhawm

Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub tom kawg, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias lub neej ntev ntawm cov prosthesis nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm prosthesis. Thaum ob lub taub hau femoral thiab lub khob yas yog ua los ntawm cov hlau lossis ceramic, qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov hnav qis heev thiab muaj peev xwm siv lub taub hau femoral dav dua, txwv txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm dislocation. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov khib nyiab hauv cov ntaub so ntswg nyob ib puag ncig ntawm cov pob qij txha thaum cov hlau-rau-hlau thiab ceramic-rau-ceramic prostheses yog khub. Txawm hais tias ceramic-ceramic prostheses tawg tsawg dua hlau-hlau prostheses thiab tiv taus kev sib txhuam ntau dua li cov hlau-hlau khub, lawv tseem yuav tsum tau siv nrog ceev faj.

05. Dab tsi yog qhov txaus ntshai cuam tshuam nrog hip prostheses?

Ntxiv nrog rau cov kev pheej hmoo uas muaj nyob rau hauv txhua qhov kev phais mob (kev pheej hmoo tshuaj loog, kab mob hauv tsev kho mob tau txais), cov teeb meem tuaj yeem tshwm sim:

Risk ntawm dislocation

qhov no yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv cov neeg mob thiab qhov kev pheej hmoo sib txawv raws sijhawm. Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau thawj lub hlis tom qab kev phais thiab txo qis tom qab thawj xyoo. Nws mam li maj mam nce ntxiv rau lub sijhawm. Muaj ntau ntau yam uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb, uas tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam rau tus neeg mob, kev phais thiab kev cog hniav, lossis kev rov qab ua haujlwm tom qab. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev rov tshwm sim yog nce ntxiv tom qab thawj zaug ntawm dislocation.

Kev pheej hmoo kis mob

Txhua txoj kev phais muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob, thiab thaum cog cov prosthesis, qhov kev pheej hmoo no nce ntxiv thaum lub cev txawv teb chaws nkag mus rau hauv lub cev. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog hloov mus thiab tsim ib cheeb tsam ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov kab mob uas ib txwm tsis muaj txoj sia nyob tuaj yeem loj hlob ntawm lub cev txawv teb chaws no. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus kab mob no yuav muaj feem ntau dua rau cov neeg laus vim tias lawv muaj kev tiv thaiv tsis zoo. Lwm yam, xws li kev rog rog, uas cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam, lossis ntshav qab zib, uas txo qis kev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab haus luam yeeb, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo kis mob.

Kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj

Qee cov khoom siv hauv cov khoom siv prostheses muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj.

Kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kho dua tshiab

Kev ua tsis tiav, hnav thiab tsim kua muag, lossis tawg ntawm cov pob qij txha tuaj yeem xav tau kev kho dua tshiab.