Spinal Infection chi hrang hrang awm dan tlangpui

Spinal discitis hi bacteria, fungi leh, a tam zawkah chuan parasites avanga thau leh ruh natna zawng zawng zinga 2% atanga 7% vel a ni. Spinal infection zawng zawng zinga a chanve vel chu lumbar spine-ah a awm a, hmun thuma ṭhena hmun khat aia tlem chu thoracic spine-ah a awm a, a bak chu cervical spine-ah a awm bawk.

Purulent Infection a awm thei

Purulent spinal discitis (PS) hi hematogenously disseminated infection avanga lo awm a ni tlangpui a, Staphylococcus aureus hi natna thlentu ber a ni a, a tam zawk chu lumbar spine a ni a, x-ray hi natna hmasa berah chuan specificity leh sensitivity a nei lo. Enhanced MRI hi ruh natna hriat hmasakna atana hmanraw duh ber a ni a; MRI hian bone marrow edema leh vertebral bodies, intervertebral discs, epidural space, leh/ emaw a chhehvel soft tissue te a tichak a, abscess formation awm leh awm lo, vertebral endplates bula awm ber a ni.

Note: (a) Lateral lumbar spine radiograph-ah L4 -L3 disc san zawng tlahniam leh L4 upper endplate tihchhiat a ni (arrow). 

(b) L3-ah hnunglam slip na lo tak. L3 - L4 disc tihchhiat a, a kianga endplate (arrows)-a erosive change awm. 

(c) Magnetic resonance (MR) image-ah hian vertebral endplates-a erosive change leh a kianga vertebral bone marrow-a signal pangngai lo (arrow) a lang. Prevertebral soft tissue te hi a langsar hle a, inflammatory changes an nei bawk. 

(d) Intravenous contrast injection hnua sagittal t1 hian bone marrow (asterisk)-ah signal a ti sang a, epidural space leh prevertebral soft tissue-ah signal a ti sang bawk. Central canal indentation (arrow) chu chhinchhiah rawh.

Spinal Tuberculosis natna a ni

Gram-positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis vanga non-purulent granulomatous spinal infection awm tam ber Tuberculosis of the spine (TS) leh TS leh PS danglamna imaging features te chu a hnuaia table-ah hian tarlan a ni:

Radiograph hnuhnung berah chuan ruh tihchhiat, disc san zawng tlahniam leh soft tissue abscesses a awm a, a chhehvel soft tissue-a calcification awm emaw awm lo emaw a awm bawk.

MRI-ah chuan fluid-sensitive sequence-a t1 low-signal intensity leh high-signal intensity pangngai hian anterior vertebral body a huam a, subligamentous pathway kaltlangin vertebrae dang thlengin a inzar pharh thei a, a tlangpuiin disc a huam lo.

Notes: Mipa kum 65 mi, (a) axial leh (b) lumbar abscesses (asterisk) nei, septal leh wall enhancement (white arrows) nei.L3 atanga S1 vertebral body enhancement. Intervertebral disc a tlakbuak a, tihchakna lian tham a awm lo. Dural sac compression (arrow dum) a ni. (c) L3 atanga S1 vertebral taksa tihchhiatna ct reconstruction image.

Brucella natna hrik kai

Brucellosis hi khawvel pumah endemic zoonosis a ni a, gram-negative bacillus avanga lo awm a ni. Lumbar spine, a bik takin L4 a huam fo thin.

He natna hi intervertebral disc-a vertebral body hmalam atanga tan a ni a, ruh te te a tichhe thei bawk. Paravertebral abscesses hi a awm tlem zawk a, TS aiin a lian lo zawk bawk. Vertebral anatomy chu a awm reng a ni.

Note: Brucella lumborum infection, radiograph-ah chuan lumbar vertebrae sclerosis a awm a, lumbar vertebrae hmalam a slippage, vertebral body hmalam margin-ah step ang maia tihchhiat mumal lo, vertebral body hmalam margin-ah bony cribriforms siam a ni.

Fungal Infection awm thei te

Fungal spinal infection (FS) hi a tlem hle a, immunosuppressed patient-ah hmuh tur a awm tam ber. Fungi tam tak a inrawlh thei a, chung zingah chuan Pseudomonas, Aspergillus, Bacillus, leh Coccidioides te pawh an tel. Thoracic spine hi a tam berna hmun a ni a, TS ang bawkin hri kai hi vertebrae hmalam atanga tan a ni a, a chang chuan nonadjacent vertebrae-ah pawh a darh thei bawk.

Note: Coccidioidomycosis vei damlo pakhat CT scan sagittal image atanga lak chhuah a ni. Sclerotic margins nei lo ruh natna (limited bony lesions) te hi presentation-ah hian he natna hrik hi a langsar hle. T1 nasa taka tihchhiat chuan vertebral collapse a thlen thin. Bony lesion zau tak awm mahse, C7-T1 intervertebral space chu a vawng reng a, coccidioidomycosis (right panel) Sagittal MRT2WI-a characteristic change chuan damlo pakhata C7-T1 intervertebral space thla chu humhalh a nih thu a nemnghet a, T2 signal langsar tak chuan C6-C7 discs te hi a inrawlh hma tih a tilang a ni. Ruh natna chu vertebral body hmalam subcortical bone-ah a inzar pharh a, chu chuan hmalam soft tissue infection IV a thlen a ni. Infectious changes chu level hrang hrangah a darh a, subligamentous type a darh dan chu awlsam takin a hriat theih a, chu chuan nonadjacent level-ah lesion tam tak a thlen thei a ni.

Ankylosing Spondylitis natna a ni

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) hi chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease a ni a, a bik takin ruhro a nghawng a, ruh fusion avanga natna khirh tak a thlen thei a ni.

AS vei damlote tana harsatna dang chu disc natna tlemte lo awm hi a ni a, imaging-ah chuan AL hi inflammatory spondylitis atanga thliar hran theih a ni a, chu chu vertebrae inhnaih tak pakhat emaw pahnih emaw-a focal defects, disc space tihtlem, leh osteolytic defects chhehvela reactive sclerosis awmna hmunte a ni.

Note: Ankylosing spondylitis vei, mipa kum 44 mi, hnungzang hnuai lam natna rei tak nei leh chetna pawh a tlem hle. (a) thoracic leh (b) lumbar spine bone window-a sagittal ct-ah chuan anterior longitudinal ligament (arrows)-ah diffuse ligamentous syndesmosis a awm tih a lang. Lumbar interspinous ligaments te pawh ossification leh fusion a awm bawk (arrows tarlan a ni). (c) Lumbar spine level-a coronal image-ah chuan posterior elements leh articular synovial joints te fusion (arrows) a lang.

Osteomyelitis Syndrome natna a ni

Acronym SAPHO tih hian musculoskeletal leh cutaneous manifestations (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, osteomalacia, leh osteomyelitis) inzawmkhawm a kawk a, anterior thoracic wall (sternoclavicular joints, costothoracic joints, leh sternoacetabular elbow joints te pawh tel) chu a inrawlh tam ber a, lumbar leh cervical spine.X-ray radiograph-a a lan chhuah tam ber chu vertebral body osteolysis collapse nei emaw awm lo emaw, chubakah osteomalacia leh paraspinal ossification te a ni.MRI hi imaging sensitive ber a ni MRI hi sensitive ber imaging modality a ni a, a lan chhuahna ber chu fluid-sensitive sequence-a widespread emaw focal vertebral signal inthlak danglamna, cortical erosion leh irregularities at intervertebral discs emaw anterior endplates emawa intervertebral junctions te, leh soft tissue edema te a awm bawk.

Note: Mipa kum 62 mi, SAPHO syndrome nei. (a) Sagittal t2-weighted leh (b) computed tomography (CT) images-ah chuan anterior longitudinal ligament-ah ossification a awm (black arrows) Disc emaw paravertebral fluid emaw-ah thil danglamna lian tham a awm lo. L1 hi compression fracture hlui hnuah a reposition sang hle. (c) Axial CT ah chuan dinglam costovertebral joint (asterisk) ah ankylosis a awm tih hmuhchhuah a ni. (d) Oblique coronal CT reconstruction-ah chuan bilateral thoracic ribcage clavicle ankylosis (asterisk dum) a awm tih hmuhchhuah a ni. (e) Bone scan-ah chuan ruh natna (white asterisk)-ah radiotracer uptake a lang.

Dialysis kaihhnawih Spondyloarthropathy a awm

Dialysis-related spondyloarthropathy (DRS) hi hun rei tak chhunga hemodialysis hmanga enkawl damlote pathologic change a ni. Cervical spine-ah a tam ber a, a tlangpuiin intervertebral space tihtlem, endplates tihchhiat, sclerosis awm lohna, ruh thar siam, paraspinal infection/abscesses, leh space chakna te nen a lang tlangpui.

Note: Lumbar leh sacral pelvis-a ruh natna nasa tak a awm. Lumbar 5 vertebrae anterosuperior margin tihchhiatna leh margins sclerotic hyperplasia (arrow sen hmanga tarlan) a awm. A kianga awm scarring hyperplasia a awm. Left sacroiliac joint tihchhiatna leh ilium lateral articular surface tihchhiat, internal dead bones tam tak, leh localized scar-like tissue hyperplasia (arrow blue hmanga tarlan) te tihchhiat a ni.

Note: Enhanced MR: Lumbar 4/5 disc bulge a awm a, vertebral rim osteophytes a awm a, ligamentum flavum a hypertrophy a, spinal canal a tawi deuh a, dural sac hmalam kil a compression bawk. Lumbar 5 vertebral body hi limitedly concave a ni a, long T1 leh T2 WI compression fat high signal strip angin hmuh theih a ni a, enhancement hnuah enhancement hmuh tur a awm bawk. Lumbar 5 leh sacral 1 endplate hnuaiah leh sacroiliac joint hnuaiah signal pangngai lo patch tam tak hmuh tur a awm a, T1WI-ah signal hniam leh T2WI-ah signal sang deuh a awm a, enhancement scan-ah pawh enhancement hmuh a ni bawk (arrow sen). Sacral vertebrae hmalam margin-a soft tissue thickening hmuh a ni a, enhanced scan (blue arrow)-ah pawh enhancement hmuh a ni bawk. Pelvis sir lehlamah ilium, hip, sacrum leh femoral head-a ruh signal-ah chuan thil dik lo langsar tak a awm lo va, internal leh external pelvic muscle-a signal te chu a pangngai a, muscle gap chiang tak leh joint gap pangngai a awm a, a zau leh a tawi tihna a awm lo.

Spinal Gout tih hi a ni

Spinal gout hi ruhroah hian monocrystalline urate crystals (MUCs) a awm a, chu chu ruhroah a awm a. Spinal gout hian lumbar spine a nghawng ber a ni. radiograph-ah chuan nonspecific manifestations a lang a, CT hian ruh erosion sclerotic margins neiin a characterize tha zawk. mri lan chhuahna chu a bik lo (nonspecific) a ni.

Note: CT plain scan ah hian joint space a tawi a, bilateral articular surface a tichhia bawk. Arthrocentesis hmanga natna hmuhchhuah a nih leh nih loh finfiah a ngai a ni.

Neurospondylitis natna a ni

Neurogenic spondylitis (NS), destructive progressive arthropathy hi hriatna leh proprioception hloh hnuah a awm thin. A chhan ber chu traumatic spinal cord injury a ni a, hei hi 70% vel a ni. A chhan dangte chu zunthlum, spinal cord cavernous disease, leh neurologic disorder dang peroneal muscular dystrophy leh Guillain-Barré syndrome te a ni. Weight-bearing-a thoracolumbar leh lumbosacral junction te chanvo avang hian an inrawlh tam berna hmun an ni.

NS lan chhuahna tlangpui chu ruh chi hrang hrang, intervertebral joint irregularities leh inconsistencies avanga vertebral body slippage, multiple endplates leh joint erosion te bakah sclerosis-a ruh density humhalh te, soft tissue mass te pawh a ni.

Note: Mipa kum 58 mi, neuropathic spine nei. (a) Sagittal leh (b) coronal computed tomographic reconstruction-ah hian lumbar vertebral endplate tam tak leh articular synovial joint erosion (arrows) ruh chi hrang hrang awmna a lang. L2-L3 intervertebral disc unit tihchhiat leh intervertebral space zau zawk (asterisk). (c) Sagittal leh (d) axial t2-weighted magnetic resonance sequence hmanga L2-L3 intervertebral space zau zawk a nih thu a nemnghet. L2-L3-L4 hnung lama spinal cord natna vei chu a danglamna nasa tak a awm. Spinous process (asterisk) hnunglam leh hmalam soft tissue-ah pawh effusion a awm bawk.