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01.

'Ōlelo ʻO nā kuli kuli he 4 mau iwi:ʻo ka femur, tibia, patella a me fibula.

Aia i ka 3 mau papa hana: ka helu tibiolifemral a medial tibiofemral, a i ka papa hana ma hope, aʻo nā papa hana 3 i kaʻana likeʻole i kahi lua synovial.

02.jint o

Pākuʻi:ʻO ke kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa

ʻO ke kuli he 3 mau hui:ʻO ka hui Tibiola e medial, ka huiʻana o ka tibiolful

Hoʻopili kaʻaha nui i ka Tubifole ʻO ka tibia ka laulā, akā ke laweʻia neiʻo Maniscus i ke kamaʻilioʻana me nā condyles femorial.

Ua hoʻokaʻawaleʻia nā konohiki wahine e ka Fossa Intercondyilr

ʻO ka Patella kahi BUTTLAS BRANS i kauʻia i loko o ka tendon o ka'ōpū o ka quadriceps a hana i kahi hui pū me ka pūpū a me ka pūpū stchanteric.

E lawelawe ana e hoʻoikaika i ka loaʻaʻana o ka mīkini o ka pūpū quadriceps. Aia ke poʻo o ka fibula i loko o ke kīwī i loko akāʻaʻole maʻamau e like me keʻano o ke kauʻana. ʻO ka condyles wahine a me nā paila o ka'ōpala a me nā papa hana TIBial i ka laina hui.

03. Hui pū

Mālamaʻia ke kūpaʻa o ke kuli o ke kuli e kekahi mauʻano palupalu palupalu e hāʻawi pū i ka pale cushion i loko o ka hui pūʻana.

Ua uhiʻia ka TIBIA a me FEMUR me ka pīhoihoi pīhoihoi-endorbing greatilage ma loko o ka pūpū o ke kuli.

-ʻO nā mea i hanaʻiaʻo SCAP-SCAPET a me Median Alisci e hāʻawi i nā mea pīhoihoi hou e hāʻawi ana i ka absorption hou a me nā mea he nui a me nā luna ma luna o ke kuli.

-ʻO nā'ōmole cruement cruement

-ʻO ka hoʻololiʻana o ka ligament collament a me ka ligament collasteral a me ka ligament collametal i ke kuli ma ko lākou mau mokulele.

-ʻO nā hana e hoʻopili ai i ke kuli e komo i ka pūpū Ilitabial a me kahi'āpana o ka HUPTERIOR.

04

ʻO kekahi mau hana cystic i loaʻaʻia a puni ke kuli, me ka tendon sheath cysts a me synovial barsae. ʻO Tendon Sheath Cysts nā benntign i nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia me ka nui o ka hoʻopiliʻana i kaʻili

ʻO ka ptilliteal cyst ʻO ia ke kumu mai ka Bursa ma waena o ke poʻo medial o ke poʻo o ka gestrocnemius o ka gastrnemius a me ka semimembranosus a me ka semimembraoosus tendon. ʻO nā cystts popliteal e like me ka asympomatic akā pili pinepineʻia me nā hewa intra-articular o ke kuli.

ʻEhāʻehā mau barsae ma ke alo o ke kuli. ʻO ka Burrapateellar Bursa e hōʻoiaʻia i ke kuli a me ka moe ma waena o ka wahineʻo Rectus ma waena o ka wahineʻo Domson ʻO ka Bursal Bursa Lies ma kahi o ka patella. ʻO ka Burrapal First Superficial Bursa hoʻopunipuni i ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana o ka Palekal First Hiki i ka Bursa Superficial e lilo i ka hewa a iʻole trauma, e like me keʻano o ka neʻeʻana o nā kuli defrapallar

ʻO keʻano o keʻano o ke kuli e hoʻokeleʻia e ka Goosefot Bursa,ʻo ka SEMEMEMBranosus Bursa, a me nā Sumrapateellar Bursa. Aia ka Bursat Bursa ma waena o ka TIBial Stop o ka Ligament TIBALL a me ka Fusion Fusion a me ka Fanam Famoral a me Semitendinosus. ʻO ka simmemburnosus bursa ma waena o ka semimemranosus tendon a me ka cursa tibeast, a aia ma luna o ka pā o ke kuʻekuʻe.

05ʻO ka hui likeʻole o ka neʻe

E loiloi i ka slexion ikaika loa, ua manaʻo ka mea maʻi i ke kūlana kūlike a me ka nui o ka kuʻekuʻe i ka heel ʻO ke kihi maʻamau o ka flexion ma kahi o 130 °.

E loiloi i ka hoʻonuiʻana o ke kuli e loaʻa ai ka mea maʻi i kahi kūlana e noho ana a hoʻonui i ka hoʻonuiʻana i ke kuli. Ka hoʻonuiʻana o ke kuli ma mua o ka wāwae pololei a iʻole ke kūlana kūlike (0 °) maʻamau no kekahi mau maʻi no kekahi mau maʻi. ʻO Overrextensitensitensitensionʻaʻole ma mua o 3 ° -5 ° he hōʻike maʻamau. ʻO ka hyperextextension ma mua o kēiaʻano i kapaʻiaʻo kuli i ke kuli

ʻO ka hōʻike hōʻike Hasmas hōʻike i ka wikiwiki o nā quadriceps a me nā hip flex.

Inā loaʻa kahi'ōkuhi wikiwiki i kēia manawa,ʻo ka'ūhā o ka huki haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e piʻi i luna o ka papaʻaina.

ʻO ke kihi o ka'ūhā pale i ka papa hōʻike e hōʻike ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mana o ka hip flexion.

Inā paʻa nā quadrinice ʻO ka kihi i hoʻokumuʻia e ka pahu i lalo i ka wāwae haʻahaʻa me ka laina plum plumb e hōʻike ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā quadriceps o quadriceps.

06.ʻO ka loiloi o ka hoʻokūkū hui

ʻO ka hōʻike Drawing Drawing - Hanaʻia ka hōʻike Draport Draport me ka mea maʻi ma ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe, ua hoʻopiliʻia ka kukuna i ka 9 ° °, a me ka wāwae i ka neʻeʻana. Ua hānai ka mea noiʻi i ka TIBIA CIXIAL o ka mea maʻi me nā limaʻelua i loko o kahi puʻupaʻa ma ke kauʻana i nā manamana lima ma keʻano o nā limaʻelua. A laila e hoʻopiliʻia kahi ikaika hope i ka tiacia cximal. ʻO kahi pākuʻi posterior o ka tibia o kaʻoi aku ma mua o 0.5-1 cm a me kahi'āpana poster ma mua o ka'āpana o keʻano o ke kuli.

ʻO Qudadriceps Dest Contraction Exchation Exchation - nā wāwae o ka mea maʻi (e noho ana i ka wāwae o ka papa hana.

ʻO ka ho'āʻoʻana ma waho o keʻano o keʻano o ka hōʻikeʻana o keʻano o keʻano o ka TIBIL OFTER eʻikeʻia eʻike i nā hōʻeha ma hope o ka pona. ʻO ka Tiaritia i heleʻole i ka mea i hoʻopauʻia ma 30 ° a me 90 ° o ke kuli. Maikaʻi ka hōʻike inā heʻoi aku kaʻaoʻao i hoʻopiliʻia ma mua o 10 ° -15 °ʻOi aku ma mua o kaʻaoʻao maikaʻi. ʻO ka maikaʻi ma 30 ° o ke kuli a me ka maikaʻiʻole ma 90 ° i kahi hōʻeha plc maʻalahi a me ka 90 ° a me ka 90 ° a me 90

07.ʻO nā lini periartticular

Hui pū i nā ligaments

Patellar ligament, Medial Pagement Ligament, Matel Paterellal Linok Ligament

ʻO nā ligasulas attracapsular

ʻO keʻano o ke konohu ​​crueor cruement, posterior srubie rugament

Nā ligasularular

Medial Colleternal ligament, ligament collateral ligament, foclique ligament, fibrular collateral liga samement

08. Innervation o ka hui pūʻana

ʻO ka hoʻolālāʻana o Neurovascular

ʻO kahi pūpū neurovascular e loaʻa ana i ka mea popo

ʻO ka nerve borone maʻamau ka lālā o ka lālā ma hope o ke kahe sciatic.

09. Nā'ōhua e pili ana

ʻO ka hope anterior

ʻO Qudariceps e loaʻa i ka rectus femus, Vastus Medialis,ʻo Vastus Masterus, a me CentMeus Femis.

ʻAoʻao pākū

Hamstrings

komo pū me nā femiss femors, semitendinosus a me semimemburnosus;

Gastropnemius.

Andemedial

TIBILIS anterior.

Nā'ōpū e mālama ai i ka paʻaʻana o ke kuli o ke kuli, e komo pū me nā mea make, nā musisses famissi, a me nā smitimendingsus, a me nā semimendinossinus

10.

1.

Nānā i keʻano a me ka symmetry o nā kuli o nā kuli ma luna o kaʻaoʻao a me kaʻaoʻao o ka mea maʻi, a me ka nānāʻana i kaʻili o kaʻili

2. Palpation

E nānā i ka'āpana a me ka pā o kaʻeha, hohonu, ka hohonu a me keʻano a me keʻano, me kaʻaoʻao o ka mea maʻi i kahi kūlana e like me ka hiki.

3. Mobilization

E nānā i ka neʻeʻana o ke kuli o ke kuli ma o nā hana ikaika a me nā hana i hala o ka mea maʻi.

4.

Ana i ka lōʻihi o kēlā me kēia mahele o ka limb me ka nui o ka huina, me ka ikaika o ka'ā'ī, etc., a e hana i nā hoʻopaʻa inoa.

5.

 - E kahe ana o Patella Patela: E nānā inā aia paha ka effission i loko o ke kuli o ka mea maʻi.

E nānā ana i ke kaʻina hana

Ma hope o ka pīhoihoiʻana i ka Burrapatellar Bursa eʻae i ka wai e hōʻiliʻili ai, a i hoʻokuʻuʻia ka patella ma lalo o ka pūpū

- Drawer hōʻike: eʻike inā he meaʻino paha i ka lurament caute.

ʻO ka Trawing Anterior Drawer: E kū mālie ka mea maʻi ma luna o ka moena,ʻo ke kuli. ʻO ka mea nānā e kū'ē i nā wāwae o ka mea maʻi e hoʻopaʻaʻia, e paʻa ana ka lima o ke kuli.

Hōʻike i ka hōʻike Draw Scrawer: Aia ka mea maʻi ma kona kua, e kau i hope i ke kua o ke kuli

- Ke hana nei i ka hoʻokolohua: e wehewehe inā he meaʻino paha i nā kāne o ka Meniscus o ke kuli.

ʻO ka ho'āʻoʻana i nā kuli e hōʻike ana: Heʻano hana pilikino i hoʻohanaʻia e nānā no nā meaʻeha o ka collateral a me nā mea hōʻeha o ke kuli.

Aia ka mea maʻi i ke kūlana pohō me ka holoʻana o ke kuli ma ka 90 °.

1.

Kaomiʻana o ka mea nānā i ke keiki bipi ma ka'ūhā o ka mea maʻi a hoʻopaʻa i ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae e hoʻokiʻekiʻe i keʻano o ka calf Inā hele kaʻeha ma nāʻaoʻaoʻelua o ke kuli, ua manaʻoʻia e lilo i ka hōʻeha o ka ligamen.

2.ʻO ka hōʻike hoʻokolohua

Mālama ka mea nānā i ka wāwae o ka wāwae i hoʻopiliʻia me nā limaʻelua, no laila ua wikiwikiʻia nā kuli ma ka 90 A laila e pīpī i ke kuli i lalo i lalo a holoi i ke keiki bipi a i waho a i waho i ka manawa like. Inā heʻeha ma kaʻaoʻao o loko a me waho

Ināʻo ke kuli i loko o ka rubxion nui loa, posterior wisiscus ruptus ua kānalua; Inā ma ka 90 °, ua kānalua ka waena waena; Inā hele mai kaʻeha i ka wā e hoʻokokoke aku ai i ke kūlana kūpono,ʻo ka rubutor wornt rubture ke kānaluaʻia.

-ʻO ka ho'āʻoʻana ma hope: e nānā i ka mea maʻi no ka hōʻehaʻana i ka ligament collateral.

ʻO ka hōʻike koʻikoʻi o ka Sight Sight Turn o hopeʻo ia kahi hōʻike pilikino i hoʻohanaʻia e nānā i nā ligament collateral o nā kuli.

Kūlana:ʻO ka mea hoʻomanawanui e pili ana i ka moena o ka nānāʻana, a ua hoʻopauʻia ka wāwae i nā wāwae ma waho o kahi moena.

Kūlana hui: Ua kauʻia ke kuli i loko o ka noho piha piha a me ka kūlana 30 °.

ʻO ka noiʻana: I nā kūlana kuʻekuʻeʻelua kiʻekiʻe, e paʻa ana ka mea nānā i ka wāwae a me nā mea hana ma mua

Inā loaʻa kaʻeha ma keʻano o ke kuli i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana koʻikoʻi, a iʻole inā heʻano hoʻohālikelike a iʻole he spell I ka manawa i kūpono ka hōʻikeʻana o ka hōʻikeʻana o waho, ua hōʻikeʻia ua kūponoʻole ke ala pololei, a he mau lesi o ka huiʻana a me nā heikani; I ka wā e kūpono ai ka hōʻikeʻana o keʻano o ke kaumaha kūloko

11. Ke hōʻike neiʻo Knee

1. X-ray hoʻokolohua

Ua hoʻohanaʻia e nānā no nā mea hana a me nā otetataththroportathy. Kaupaona

2. Hoʻohui i nā tomography (ct)

Hiki i nā scans ct ke kōkua i nā pilikia o nā iwi i nā iwi a me nā meaʻokiʻoki. Hiki i kahiʻano kūikawā o CT Scan Scan hiki ke hoʻomaopopo pono iā GOUT, ināʻaʻole i hoʻopauʻia ka hui.

3. Ultrasound

E hoʻohana i nā nalu kani e hana i nā kiʻi o nā manawa maʻamau o nā mea palupalu palupalu i loko a puni i ke kuli. Hiki i nā ultrasound ke hōʻike i nā loli pathologic e like me bony test margination, synovitis degeasion

4.ʻO nā mea hoʻoponopono i hoʻopaʻaʻia (MRI)

Kōkua kēia hōʻike hōʻike i nā hōʻeha palupalu i nā hōʻeha

Nā Kūlana Kūlana: Inā ua loaʻa ke kauka i ka maʻi a iʻole ka hopena, nā hōʻike koko a i kekahi manawa e wehe ai i kahi o nā kuli

12.ʻO nā kumu maʻamau o kaʻeha

1. E pili ana i ka pōʻino

ʻO nā hōʻeha Ligament e like me keʻano o ke aloha a me ka posterior crucament ligament a me nā waihoʻoluʻu. Nā hōʻeha o nā kāne; Patellar Temonitis a me nā waimaka; nā iwi i nā iwi a pēlā aku.

2.ʻO Andrtritis-pili pili

osteoarthritis i kumu e ka lole a me ka waimaka o ka cartilage hui; ʻO Rheumatoid Arthritis i hoʻokumuʻia e ka papa inoa o ka Palani e hōʻeuʻeu ana i nā pūnana; Ua hoʻokumuʻiaʻo Gout ma ka hoʻokumuʻana o nā crystals mai ka lāʻau uniki kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i nā hui pūʻana.

3. Nā kumu'ē aʻe

synovitis ke kumu i kaʻeha a me ke aniani; nā pilikia pili e like me ka dislocation a me nā lole kolo; ka mea e komo ana i ka hui; edea ma muli o ka mahana, etc .; ʻO ka posure i hoʻopaʻaʻia; IlitoBiation Standcia Syndorom i hoʻokumuʻia e ka hana houʻana e alakaʻi ai i kaʻeha ma waho o ke kuli.

13.ʻO nā hana maʻamau maʻamau

1. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe

-ʻO nā kākā

-Cold a me nā wela wela

-Drug lapaʻau

-ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau

-ʻO ka hana

-ʻO nā mea kōkua kōkua

2.Surgerley

-ʻOiʻEʻAʻAʻAʻANABOPPIC

-ʻO ka -19

3.O

-ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Kina (TCM)

-ʻO ka Therapy