Klo ƒe ƒunukpeƒe .

01. Ƒu ƒe wɔwɔme ƒe wɔwɔme .

The Klo ƒe ƒunukpeƒewo nye ƒu 4: afɔkpodzi, afɔkpodzi, patella kple fibula.

Eƒe akpa 3 nye: titina tibiofemoral xɔ, axadzi tibiofemoral xɔ, kple patellofemoral xɔ, kple 3 akpawo ma synovial cavity.

02.Joint ƒe wɔwɔme .

Ƒomevi: Carriage joint .

Klo la ƒe ƒunukpeƒe 3: titina tibiofemoral ƒunukpeƒe, axadzi tibiofemoral ƒunukpeƒe kple patellofemoral ƒunukpeƒe.

Tibiofemoral ƒe ƒunukpeƒea doa ka kple afɔkpodzi si le didiƒe la kple afɔkpodzi, eye akɔta ƒe akpa si le didiƒe la ƒoa ƒu wɔa lãkusi ƒe akɔtaƒu kple axadzi ƒe afɔkpodzi ƒe akɔtaƒu. Afɔkpodzia le gbadzaa vie, gake meniscus si le ŋgɔgbe la nana wòdoa ka kple afɔkpodzi ƒe lãkusi siwo le ŋgɔ yim la kplikplikpli.

Afɔkpodzi ƒe lãkusiwo dome didi to intercondylar fossa, si woyɔna hã be afɔkpodzi ƒe ʋuƒo alo afɔkpodzi ƒe talus la dome.

Afɔkpodzia nye nuku ƒe ƒu si wotsɔ de lãkusi ƒe lãkusi ƒe lãkusi me eye wòwɔa ƒunukpeƒe kple trochanteric groove la.

Ewɔa dɔ be wòana mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe viɖe si le quadriceps lãmekaa ŋu nadzi ɖe edzi. Fibula la ƒe ta le klo ƒe lãkusi me gake zi geɖe la, mewɔa dɔ abe akɔta ƒe akpa si tsɔa kpekpeme ene o. Afɔkpodzi ƒe condyles kple tibial plateau nye ƒunukpeƒe ƒe fli.

03. ƒunukpeƒewo ƒe liƒo .

Lãmetsi falɛfalɛ vovovo siwo hã naa ametakpɔnu si le ƒunukpeƒea me hã léa klo ƒe ƒunukpeƒea ƒe liƒo ɖe te.

Hyaline ƒe ƒunukpeƒe si xɔa dzo si xɔa ʋuʋudedi le klo ƒe ƒunukpeƒea ƒe eme la tsyɔa afɔkpodzi kple afɔkpodzi dzi.

-Afɔti si le abe disc ene kple medial menisci naa dzidziƒoame ƒe xɔxlɔ̃ bubuwo eye wòmaa ŋusẽwo hã ɖe klo dzi le ƒunukpeƒea katã.

-Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) kple megbe ƒe atitsoga ƒe lãkusi (PCL) naa ŋgɔgbe-megbe kple akɔta ƒe ʋuʋu ƒe ʋuʋu nɔa te.

-Dzomegba si le titina kple axadzi ƒe lãkusi si le axadzi la nana kloa nɔa te le woƒe yameʋuwo me.

-Nu bubu siwo nana kloa nɔa te la dometɔ aɖewoe nye iliotibial bundle kple megbe ƒe axadzidzo ƒe akpa aɖe.

04. Bursae kple cystic ƒe wɔwɔmewo .

Wokpɔa cystic structure geɖe zi geɖe le klo ŋu, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye tendon sheath cysts kple synovial bursae. Tendon sheath cysts nye dɔléle siwo me dɔléle aɖeke mele o siwo me ka siwo me ka le siwo le ʋeʋẽm le eye ʋuʋudedi le wo me.

Popliteal cyst (si nye, Baker ƒe cyst) ye nye ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ si bɔ wu le ŋutilãa me. Edzɔ tso bursa si le gastrocnemius lãmeka ƒe titina ta kple semimembranosus ƒe lãkusi dome. Zi geɖe la, popliteal cysts nyea dzesi gake zi geɖe la, wodoa ƒome kple klo ƒe ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ.

Bursae ene siwo bɔ la le klo ƒe ŋgɔgbe. Suprapatellar bursa la te ɖe klo ƒe lãkusi ŋu eye wòle rectus femoris tendon kple afɔkpodzi dome, kple eƒe zɔzɔ kple klo ƒe ƒunukpeƒe le ame tsitsi akpa gãtɔ ŋu. Prepatellar Bursa la le ŋgɔgbe tututu na patella la. Infrapatellar bursa si le gota la le gota gome le patellar ƒe lãkusi ƒe akpa si le didiƒe kple tibial tuberosity, gake infrapatellar bursa goglo la ya le patellar ƒe lãkusi ƒe akpa si le didiƒe kple anterior tibial tuberosity dome. Bursa si le gota ate ŋu agbã to eŋudɔwɔwɔ fũ akpa alo nuveviwɔame abe klodzedze ɣeyiɣi didi ene, esime klo ƒe kekeme zazã fũ akpa ate ŋu ana wòavuvu le bursa si ƒe amadede nye infrapatellar goglo la, abe titri alo duƒuƒu enuenu ene.

Klo ƒe akpa si le titina lae nye Goosefoot Bursa, semimembranusus bursa, kple suprapatellar bursa. Goosefoot bursa la le tibial stop le lateral tibial collateral ligament kple distal fusion tendons of the suture, thin femoral kple semitendinosus muscles dome. Semimembranosus bursa le semimembranusus tendon kple medial tibial condyle dome, eye suprapatellar bursa nye bursa gãtɔ kekeake le klo ƒe ƒunukpeƒe eye wòle akɔta kple quadriceps lãmeka ƒe gogloƒe.

05 Ƒuƒoƒo ƒe ʋuʋu ƒe didime .

Be nàda klo ƒe ʋuʋu si le dɔ wɔm la kpɔ la, na dɔnɔa naxɔ nɔnɔme si me wòle bɔbɔe eye wòaʋuʋu kloa wòade edeƒe ale be afɔkpodzia nate ɖe akɔta ƒe ʋuƒoa ŋu alesi wòanya wɔe; Dzogoe si sɔ si dzi woabɔbɔ ɖo la ade 130°.

Be woada klo ƒe kekeme kpɔ la, nana dɔnɔa nɔa anyi ɖe nɔnɔme si me wòle be wòanɔ anyi la me eye wòana klo ƒe kekeme nadzi ɖe edzi. Klo ƒe keke ɖe enu wu afɔ dzɔdzɔe alo akpaɖekedzimademade ƒe nɔnɔme (0°) nye nusi sɔ na dɔnɔ aɖewo gake woyɔa wo be hyper keke ɖe enu. Nusiwo keke ta wu 3°-5° nye nusi wowɔna le mɔ si sɔ nu. Woyɔa hyperextension si gbɔ dometsotso sia ŋu be klo ƒe retroflexion eye wònye nusi mesɔ o ƒe ɖeɖefia.

Homas la doa alesi woate ŋu atrɔ asi le quadriceps kple hip flexors ŋu ƒe asitɔtrɔ le nɔnɔmewo ŋui kpɔna.

Ne hip flexion contracture le afima la, draping lower extremity ƒe ata aɖo dzogoe dzi aɖo dzisasrãa gbɔ tsɔ wu be woatsɔ kplɔ̃ si dzi wole dodokpɔ wɔm le la akɔ ɖe dzi alo ayi anyime.

Akɔta si wotsɔ he ɖe ati ŋu ƒe dzogoe ɖe dodokpɔ ƒe kplɔ̃a ŋu ɖe alesi gbegbe akɔta ƒe ʋuʋu ƒe ʋuʋudedi le la fia.

Ne quadriceps tightness le afima la, drape la ƒe akpa si le anyime la akɔ dzogoe aɖe ɖa le dodokpɔ ƒe kplɔ̃a ŋu. Dzogoe si afɔ si le anyime si le anyigba kple anyigba ƒe plumb fli la wɔ la ɖea alesi gbegbe quadriceps tension le la fiana.

06. Ƒunukpeƒe ƒe liƒo ƒe dodokpɔ .

Posterior drawer test - Wowɔa megbe drawer dodokpɔa kple dɔnɔa le akɔta ƒe nɔnɔme me, eƒe akɔta si ŋu dɔlélea le la ƒoa 45°, kloa ƒoa 90°, eye afɔa le neutral . Dodokpɔwɔla la léa dɔnɔa ƒe afɔkpodzi si te ɖe eŋu la kple asi eveawo le asiléƒe si le gogloe me esime wòtsɔ asi eveawo ƒe asibidɛwo ɖo tibial tuberosity la dzi. Emegbe wotsɔa megbeŋusẽ aɖe dea afɔkpodzi si te ɖe eŋu la ŋu. Afɔti si wu 0.5-1 cm ƒe megbe ʋuʋu kple megbe ƒe ʋuʋu si lolo wu akpa si le lãmesẽ me tɔ ɖee fia be klo ƒe megbeƒuƒu ƒe akpa aɖe alo vuvu keŋkeŋ.

Quadriceps Active Contraction Test - Enaa dɔnɔa ƒe afɔ (zi geɖe la, enɔa anyi ɖe afɔ dzi) eye wònana dɔnɔa dzea agbagba be yeatsɔ afɔa aƒu gbe ɖe ŋgɔ le dodokpɔ ƒe kplɔ̃ dzi (ɖe dodokpɔwɔla ƒe asi ƒe tsitretsitsi ŋu), si nana be quadrices la trɔna le anterior me le megbe, si ana be anterior naƒo ƒu le megbe.

Tibial External Rotation Test - Wozãa tibial gotagome tɔtrɔ dodokpɔ tsɔ dea dzesi megbe ƒe axadzi ƒe dzogoe ƒe dzogoe ƒe abi kple megbeƒu ƒe lãkusi ƒe abi ƒe anyinɔnɔ. Wotrɔa afɔkpodzia le gota gome le mɔ si mewɔa naneke o nu le 30° kple 90° ƒe klo ƒe ʋuʋu me. Dodokpɔa nye nyuitɔ ne akpa si ŋu dɔlélea le la trɔ gota wu 10°-15° wu akpa si le lãmesẽ me. Positive le 30° ƒe klo ƒe ʋuʋu kple negative le 90° ɖee fia be PLC ƒe abi bɔbɔe aɖe, eye nyui le 30° kple 90° siaa ƒe ʋuʋu ɖee fia be woxɔ abi le megbe cruciate ligament kple posterolateral complex siaa.

07. periarticular ligaments .

Joint capsule ligaments .

patellar ligament, medial patellar ligament, lateral patellar ligament .

Intracapsular ƒe lãkusiwo .

Anterior cruciate ligament, megbeƒuƒu ƒe lãkusi .

Extracapsular Ligaments .

Medial collateral ligament, lateral collateral ligament, popliteal oblique ligament, fibular collateral ligament .

08. Innervation of the joint .

Neurovascular structure .

Neurovascular bundle si me popliteal artery, popliteal vein, kple tibial nerve le (si nye sciatic nerve ƒe yiyi) la zɔa mɔ yia klo ƒe ƒunukpeƒea gbɔ tututu.

peroneal nerve si bɔe nye sciatic nerve ƒe axadzi alɔdze.

09. lãmeka siwo do ƒome kplii .

Anterior lateral .

Rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, kple intermedius femoris ye le Quadriceps me.

Dzogoe ƒe akpa si le megbe .

Afɔkpodziwo .

Afɔkpodzi siwo ƒe afɔtiwo nye biceps, semitendinosus kple semimembranusus hã le eme;

Gastrocnemius ƒe ƒe 1999 me.

Anteromedial .

Tibialis ƒe ŋgɔgbe.

Lãmetsi siwo léa klo ƒe ƒunukpeƒea ƒe liƒo ɖe te, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye akɔta ƒe akpa eneawo, lãmeka siwo wotsɔna ƒoa ka, akɔtaƒuwo, afɔkpodzi ƒe lãmeka siwo le sue, afɔti siwo ƒe afɔtiwo nye afɔtiwo, semitendinosus, kple semimranosus.

10. Lãmesẽdodokpɔ .

1. Nukpɔkpɔ me dzodzro .

Lé ŋku ɖe klo ƒe ƒunukpeƒewo ƒe ʋuʋu kple woƒe sɔsɔme ŋu le akpa si dɔlélea le kple dɔnɔa ƒe akpa si tsi tre ɖe eŋu, eye nàlé ŋku ɖe eŋu nenye be ʋuʋudedi le teƒe aɖe, ŋutigbalẽ ƒe amadede si mesɔ o, kple azɔlizɔzɔ si mesɔ o, kple bubuawo 3.

2. Asitɔtrɔ le eŋu .

Kpɔ vevesese kple ʋuʋudedi ƒe teƒea, goglome, afisi wòakeke ɖo kple dzɔdzɔme, kple dɔnɔa ƒe akpa si ŋu wòku ɖo le nɔnɔme si me woaɖe dzi ɖi le alesi nàte ŋui me.

3. Amewo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo .

Kpɔ klo ƒe ƒunukpeƒe ƒe ʋuʋu to dɔnɔa ƒe dɔwɔna siwo le dɔ dzi kple esiwo mewɔa dɔ o me.

4. Dzidzedze .

Dzidze abɔa ƒe akpa ɖesiaɖe ƒe didime kpakple abɔa ƒe didime katã, eƒe ƒoƒo ƒe didime, ƒunukpeƒewo ƒe ʋuʋu ƒe didime, lãmekawo ƒe ŋusẽ, seselelãme ƒe teƒe si bu, kple bubuawo, eye nàwɔ nuŋlɔɖiwo kple dzesiwo.

5. Dodokpɔ Tɔxɛ .

 - Floating patella test: Kpɔe ɖa be effusion le dɔnɔa ƒe klo ƒe ƒunukpeƒe hã.

Alesi wowɔa dɔae me dzodzro .

After squeezing the suprapatellar bursa to allow fluid to accumulate, if there is fluid in the knee joint, the patella is gently pressed with the index finger, and once the pressure is released, the patella will float upward under the buoyant force of the fluid, and when the pressure is released, the patella will have a popping or floating sensation due to the buoyant force

- Drawer test: Be woakpɔe ɖa be nu gblẽ le cruciate ligament la ŋu hã.

Anterior drawer test: Dɔnɔa mlɔa aba dzi gbadzaa, klo ƒe ʋuʋu 90 °, afɔwo le gbadzaa le aba dzi, yi dzi ɖi. Dodokpɔwɔla le dɔnɔa ƒe afɔwo ŋu be wòalée ɖe te, asiwo lé klo ƒe ƒunukpeƒe ƒe nuwuƒe ƒe nuwuwu, he nyitsua yi ŋgɔgbe, abe tibia ŋgɔgbe ƒe ʋuʋu wu 5mm ƒe akpa si le lãmesẽ me ene, Positive ɖee fia be anterior cruciate ligament injury (De dzesii: Lachman dodokpɔa nye anterior).

Posterior drawer test: Dɔnɔa mlɔa eƒe akɔta, ebɔbɔa klo ɖe 90° me, tsɔa asi eveawo dana ɖe klo ƒe ƒunukpeƒe ƒe megbe, tsɔa asibidɛa dana ɖe extensor ƒe akpa dzi, etutua eye wòhea nyitsu ƒe nugbɔ si te ɖe eŋu la ɖe megbe enuenu, si doa susua ɖa le megbeƒuƒu ŋu abe ɖe wòtrɔna ɖe megbe ene.

- Grinding test: Be woaɖe eme nenye be nane gblẽ le klo ƒe meniscus ŋu.

Klo ƒe ƒunukpeƒewo ƒoƒo dodokpɔ: ŋutilã me dodokpɔ ƒe mɔnu si wozãna tsɔ léa ŋku ɖe axadzi ƒe lãkusi ƒe lãkusi kple meniscus ƒe abi siwo le klo ƒe ƒunukpeƒea ŋu.

Dɔnɔa le nɔnɔme me bɔbɔe eye klo si ŋu dɔlélea le la vuvu le 90°.

1. Rotational Lifting Test .

Dodokpɔwɔla la tea nyitsua ɖe dɔnɔa ƒe ata dzi eye wòtsɔa asi eveawo léa afɔkpodzia be wòakɔ nyitsua ɖe edzi le nyitsua ƒe didime ƒe axadzi, esime wòle ememe kple egodo ƒe tɔtrɔ ƒe ʋuʋu wɔm; Ne vevesesea dzɔ ɖe klo ƒe akpa eveawo dzi la, wosusuna be enye abi si woxɔna le axadzi le axadzi.

2. Rotary Compression Test .

Dodokpɔwɔla la tsɔa asi eveawo léa abɔ si ŋu dɔlélea le ƒe afɔti, ale be klo si ŋu dɔlélea le la nabɔbɔ le 90° me eye nyitsua le nɔnɔme si le tsitrenu me eye afɔa yia dzi. Emegbe nàmimi klo ƒe ƒunukpeƒea ɖe anyi eye nàtrɔ nyitsua ɖe eme eye wòatrɔe ayi gota le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me. Ne vevesese le klo ƒe ƒunukpeƒea ƒe akpa si le ememe kple egodo la, efia be meniscus si le eme kple egodo la gblẽ.

Ne kloa le ƒoƒom sesĩe la, ke wosusu be megbe ƒe dzo ƒe meniscus ƒe gbagbã; Ne ele 90° la, wosusu be titina ƒe gbagbã; Ne vevesesea do mo ɖa ne wole tetem ɖe nɔnɔme si le dzɔdzɔe ŋu la, wosusuna be dzo si le ŋgɔgbea ƒe ʋuʋu.

- Lateral stress test: Be woalé ŋku ɖe dɔnɔa ŋu le nusiwo gblẽ le axadzi ƒe agbatsɔkeke ƒe lãkusi ŋu ta.

Klo ƒe nuteɖeamedzi dodokpɔ si le axadzi nye ŋutilãmedɔdada si wozãna tsɔ léa ŋku ɖe klo ƒe axadzinu siwo wotsɔ ɖo axadzi la ŋu.

Teƒe si wòle: Dɔnɔa mlɔa anyi ɖe dodokpɔa ƒe aba dzi, eye wokplɔa abɔ si ŋu dɔlélea le la dzoe blewu ale be wotsɔa afɔ si ŋu dɔlélea le si ŋu dɔlélea le la dana ɖe abatia godo.

Joint Position: Wotsɔa kloa dana ɖe teƒe si wokeke ɖe enu bliboe kple 30° ƒe nɔnɔme si me wobɔbɔae ɖo.

Ŋusẽ ƒe Dɔwɔwɔ: Le klo ƒe nɔnɔme eve siwo le etame me la, dodokpɔwɔla la léa dɔnɔa ƒe afɔ si le ete la kple asi eveawo eye wòtsɔa nuteɖeamedzi dea titina kple axadzi ƒe akpawo dzi, ale be klo ƒe ƒunukpeƒea nɔa anyi le mɔ si mewɔa naneke o nu alo léa nu ɖe ​​te, si fia be wowɔa valgus kple valgus dodokpɔwo eye wotsɔa wo sɔna kple akpa si le lãmesẽ me.

Ne vevesese dzɔ le klo ƒe ƒunukpeƒe le nuteɖeamedzi zazã ƒe ɖoɖoa me, alo ne wokpɔe be dzogoe si wotsɔ trɔa asi le nu ŋu kple esi nɔa anyi ɖaa la do le afisi wòle be wòanɔ la me eye popping sensation aɖe le eme la, efia be lateral collateral ligament ƒe ʋuʋu alo eƒe gbagbã. Ne gotagome tɔtrɔ ƒe nuteɖeamedzi dodokpɔa nye nyuitɔ la, eɖee fia be titina ƒe mɔfiame si le tẽ la meli ke o, eye ate ŋu anye be lesions of the medial collateral ligament, medial meniscus kple joint capsule; Ne stress dodokpɔ si wowɔ le ememe la nye nyuitɔ la, eɖenɛ fiana be axadzimɔ dzɔdzɔe la me li ke o, eye ate ŋu axɔ abi le axadzi ƒe meniscus alo articular surface cartilage ŋu.

11. Klo ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo wɔwɔ .

1. X-ray dodokpɔ .

Wozãnɛ tsɔ léa ŋku ɖe ƒu ƒe gbagbã kple ƒumeŋuɖui si gblẽa nu ŋu. Klo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo ƒe ŋgɔgbe kple axadzinɔnɔme si le kpekpeme dzi (si le tsitrenu) ƒe nɔƒe ate ŋu alé ŋku ɖe ƒu, klo ƒe ƒunukpeƒe ƒe vovototo kple bubuawo ŋu.

2. Kɔmpiuta dzi tomography (CT) .

CT-dɔdamɔnu ate ŋu akpe ɖe ame ŋu wòakpɔ ƒu ƒe kuxiwo kple ƒu ƒe gbagbã siwo menya kpɔna dzea sii bɔbɔe o. CT-dɔdamɔnu tɔxɛ aɖe ate ŋu ade dzesi gout pɛpɛpɛ, ne ƒunukpeƒea meʋuʋu o gɔ̃ hã.

3. ultrasound .

Ezãa gbeɖiɖi ƒe ƒutsotsoewo tsɔ wɔa lãmenugbagbevi falɛfalɛ siwo le kloa me kple esiwo ƒo xlãe ƒe nɔnɔmetata siwo le ɣeyiɣi ŋutɔŋutɔ me. Ultrasound ate ŋu akpɔ dɔléle ƒe tɔtrɔwo le susu me abe ƒu ƒe mastoids le ƒunukpeƒewo ƒe gowo dzi, ƒunukpeƒewo ƒe gbegblẽ, ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ, ƒunukpeƒewo ƒe ʋuʋu, popliteal fossa vuvu, kple meniscal bulging.

4. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) .

Dodokpɔ sia kpena ɖe ame ŋu be woakpɔ abi siwo le lãkusi falɛfalɛwo, abe lãkusiwo, lãkusiwo, ƒunukpeƒewo kple lãmekawo ene.

Nudokpɔƒe ƒe dodokpɔwo: Ne ɖɔktaa susu be dɔlékui alo dɔdzẽ, ʋudodokpɔwo kple ɣeaɖewoɣi arthrocentesis° la, ate ŋu ahiã be woawɔ dɔ na ame si ɖea tsi sue aɖe le klo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo me hena numekuku le nudokpɔƒe.

12. Nusiwo gbɔ ƒunukpeƒeveame tsona zi geɖe .

1. Nuveviwɔame-ku ɖe .

abi siwo woxɔna le lãkusi me abe ŋgɔgbe kple megbe ƒe lãkusi ƒe lãkusi kple lãkusi ƒe lãkusi siwo le axadzi kple aɖatsiwo ene; Meniscus ƒe abixɔxɔ; patellar tendonitis kple aɖatsiwo; Ƒu ƒe gbagbã kple bubuawo.

2. ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ-si do ƒome kple .

Ƒumeŋuɖui si tso ƒunukpeƒe ƒe ƒunukpeƒewo ƒe vuvu kple woƒe vuvu gbɔ; Lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ tso dɔlélenutsiŋutete si dzea ƒunukpeƒeawo dzi gbɔ; Gout tsoa kristalo siwo tso uric acid si sɔ gbɔ si gblẽa nu le ƒunukpeƒeawo ŋu gbɔ.

3. Nu bubu siwo gbɔ wòtsona .

ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ si nana ƒunukpeƒewo sea veve eye wòvuvuna; patellar kuxiwo abe dislocation kple cartilage wear; dɔdzẽ siwo dzea ƒunukpeƒea dzi; edema si tso dɔdzẽ gbɔ, kple bubuawo; tenɔnɔ manyomanyo si nɔa anyi didi; Iliotibial fascia syndrome si tsoa ʋuʋudedi si wogbugbɔna wɔna si hea vevesese vɛ le klo ƒe gota gome la gbɔ.

13. Atikewɔwɔmɔnu siwo wozãna zi geɖe .

1.Conservative atikewɔwɔ .

-Dzudzɔ kple brek .

-fafɛ kple dzoxɔxɔ compresses .

-Atikewɔmɔnu .

-Ŋutilã ƒe atikewɔwɔ .

-Kɔdɔme ƒe Atikewɔwɔ .

-Kpekpeɖeŋunamɔ̃wo zazã .

2.Amekoko .

-Arthroscopic Amekoko .

-Arthroplasty .

3.Atikewɔmɔnu Bubuwo .

-Chinatɔwo ƒe atikewɔwɔ si wowɔna le kɔnu nu (TCM) .

-Atike si wotsɔna doa atike na ame .