I-doloprong yedolo

I-01. I-Bone Wakhiwo

I I-REG idibeneyo inamathambo ama-4: i-femur, iTibia, patella kunye ne-fibula.

Inamacandelo ama-3 amacandelo ama-3: Igumbi lokuhamba kwe-hibial timial, i-teaferal yendawo yokuhlala, kunye negumbi le-patelloferal, kunye neqela le-3 labelana nge-covity yesnovial.

I-02.Njoint

Chwetheza

Idolo inamalungu ama-3: I-Mediofeioferal Jikelele, iTibioferal Meint kunye neNtlawulo yePatelloferal.

I-tibiofelemoral idibanisa i-femur ye-digia ukuya kwi-tibia, kwaye iithayile ze-fear femur ukwenza i-conmoral yefesi ye-medial kunye ne-fool forleral. I-tibia iflethi, kodwa i-metistye yenqwayisi izisa kunxibelelwano olusondeleyo kunye ne-copmoral choral.

I-Oridys yeNqakuya yahlulahlulwa yiForsa, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-femoral groove okanye intsholongwane.

I-patella yi-Bone imbewu ifakwe kwi-tendon yemisipha ye-quadriceps kwaye iyidibanise i-roove roove.

Isebenza ukuphucula inzuzo yoomatshini bokufumana imisipha ye-quadriceps. Intloko ye-figula ifumaneka ngaphakathi kwe-supsule yedolo kodwa ayihlali isebenza njengomphezulu wobunzima obuthathaka. I-Conslings yeNtetho kunye neTibiauau yenza umgca odibeneyo.

03. Ukuzinza okudibeneyo

Ukuzinza kwe-idom Goment kugcinwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ezithambileyo ezibonelela ngokhuseleko lokukhusela i-sushinion ngaphakathi kweNtlanganiselo.

I-tibia kunye ne-femur igutyungelwe nge-chack-aber-aberhine i-cartilage cartilage ngaphakathi kwe-jonint edibeneyo.

-I-Ref-i-Medis-Medis Cisci ibonelela nge-anse eyongezelelweyo eyothusayo kwaye ikwasasaza amakhosi edolweni kuwo wonke umntu odibeneyo.

-I-ANTATE i-ANTEXALATENIT I-LUGENTE YABADLALO

-I-Ligament ye-Medical Countral kunye ne-LIGAGOLL SPORTRAL iZinzi sedolo kwiindiza zabo.

-Izakhiwo ezithembisayo ezizinza idon zibandakanya i-iriotibial gundle kunye nenxalenye ye-posteral reply.

I-04. Ubungqina kunye nezakhiwo zekratshi

Iqela eliqela leCystisti liqhele ifumaneka ngedolo, kubandakanya i-shendon sheaths kunye ne-synoviade. I-thendon sheaths i-begn engaqhelekanga i-begnmalmals ifakwe kwizicubu ezixhumeyo kwaye zinemigangatho ye-mucus.

I-cyst ye popli (okt, i-cyst yebhaker) yeyona cyst exhaphakileyo emzimbeni. Ivelaphi ukusuka kwi-fursa phakathi kwentloko ye-medial ye-gestrocnesnesnesnesnesnesnesnesnes kunye ne-semimelembranosus tendon. I-cysts popliteal ihlala i-Asymptomatic kodwa ihlala idityaniswa nengqwankulu ye-intra yedolo.

Kukho i-zungue emine eqhelekileyo ngaphambili kwedolo. I-Surapatellar Bropatellar iproximal kwi-supsule kunye nobuxoki phakathi kwe-tecmoris themoris kunye ne-femur, kunye nokugcwala kwayo kwedolo kubantu abadala abaninzi. I-Prepsatellar ibuhlungu nje kwi-patella. I-Superficiative Flosarlarllar Flosa i-Supesficial kwinxalenye ye-Teatellar kunye ne-tuberosity tuberosity, ngelixa i-tuberasity ye-infrapatellar ye-patellar kunye ne-tuberasity ye-tuberasis. Ibhaso-bhafu engathethekiyo inokupheliswa ngokusebenzisana okanye i-Mouma, enjengokuguqa ixesha elide, ngelixa ihamba phambili kwizakhiwo zedolo zinokukhokelela ekuvuthuzelweni kwe-infrapatellar enzulu ye-infrapatellar.

Inkalo ye-Medial yedolo ilawulwa yi-goosedoot fasa, i-semimelemranosus fussa, kunye ne-SuraPatellar Bropa. I-goosedoot ifumaneka phakathi kwe-tibial yendawo yokumisa i-LIGAIL ye-Wibial Goullial I-Ligament ye-Wibial Goullial kunye ne-Susion Fusion Fouses, imisitho yendoda ecekeceke kunye ne-semitendinusus. I-Semimele Budranosus iphakathi kwe-semimele ye-semimele ye-semimele ye-semimele kunye ne-cibial ye-medial, kwaye i-fuasatellar ye-fursa yeyona nto inkulu kakhulu edolo kwaye ifumaneka ngaphezulu kwe-patella kunye nomgangatho onzulu we-quadriceps yemisipha.

I-05 yokudibanisa

Ukuvavanya idolo elisebenzayo, ukuba isigulana sithathe isikhundla sokuqina kwaye sandise idolo ukuze isithende sisondele kakhulu kwi-Gluteal Groove kangangoko kunokwenzeka; I-angle eqhelekileyo ye-flexion imalunga ne-130 °.

Ukuhlola ulwandiso lwedolo kufuneka ukuba nesigulana sithatha indawo yokuhlala kunye nokwandisa ulwandiso lwedolo. Ulwandiso lwedolo ngaphaya komlenze othe tye okanye indawo engathathi hlangothi (0 °) yinto eqhelekileyo kwezinye izigulana kodwa ityumkile i-hyperextexterex. I-Opextared engaphezulu kwe-3 ° -5 ° yintshayelelo eqhelekileyo. I-hyperextextenset engaphaya kolu luhlu lubizwa ngokuba yi-RERorfleXaxion kwaye kuyinto engaqhelekanga.

Uvavanyo lovavanyo lweHomama ukuguquguquka kwe-quadriceps kunye ne-hip flexices.

Ukuba isivumelwano se-hip siguqukayo sikhona, iqanga le-cloughtil elisezantsi liza kutsala ngaphezulu kwesiliphu kunokuba ligungxule okanye lisezantsi kwitafile yovavanyo.

I-angle yethanga elixhonyiweyo kwitheyibhile yoviwo ibonisa inqanaba le-hip subxion sublexion.

Ukuba ukuqina kwe-quadriceps ikho, umlenze ongezantsi wedyokhwe iya kude kwitafile yoviwo. I-angle yenziwa ngumlenze ongezantsi nomlenze ongezantsi we-plub ibonisa inqanaba le-quadriceps.

06. Uvavanyo lokuzinza ngokudibeneyo

Uvavanyo lwasemva kwexesha -uvavanyo lwedrower lwenziwe ngesigulana kwisimo se-Supine, i-hip echaphazelekayo iguqulwe kwangama-45 °, idolo elitshayeleyo ukuya kwi-90 °, kwaye unyawo lungathathi cala. Umvavanyi ubamba i-proximal ye-proximal yesigulana kunye nezandla zombini kwizandla ezijikelezayo ngelixa zibeka izithupha zazo zombini izandla kwi-tuberosity ye-tibial tuberasity tuberosity tuberosity tuberosity tuberosity tuberosity tuberosity tuberosity tuberosity tuberosity tuberosity tuberosity tuberosity tuberosity tuberosity. Amandla angasemva emva koko afakwe kwi-proximal tibia. Ukususwa kwe-Posteriation ye-tibia engaphezulu kwe-0.5-1 cm kunye nendawo yokuhlala engaphandle kunoko kwecala elisempilweni libonisa i-posterativel ligament wedolo yedolo.

Uvavanyo lwe-quadrriceps uvavanyo lokuchasana nokuzinzisa iinyawo ze-quadrices - uzinzo lunyawo lwesigulana (zihlala zihleli ezinyaweni) kwaye inesigulo sesandla somvavanyi, esiya kuthi sichaze i-cibias kwi-2mm nge-2mm kwidolo ye-LOPTEENT LEXAGEN idom.

Uvavanyo lwe-tibial lojikelezo lwangaphandle - uvavanyo lwe-tibial lokujikeleza lusetyenziselwa ukufumana ukulimala kwe-Posteral Reallip Lantal kunye nobukho be-Postatery Welgament Weal genery. I-tibia ijikelezwe ngaphandle kwi-30 ° kunye ne-90 ° yedolo. Uvavanyo lwenzekile ukuba icala elichaphazelekayo lijikelezwe ngaphandle kwe-10 ° -15 ° ngaphezulu kwecala elisempilweni. Ilungile kwi-30 ° ye-Geadxion kwaye engathandekiyo kwi-90 ° ibonisa ukulimala okulula kwe-PLC, kunye ne-90 ° i-30 ° ukuya kwi-90 ° ukuya kwi-90 ° le-flexion ibonisa ukuba i-Lorteries Crust kunye ne-Posterolated.

I-07

I-capsule ye-capsule

I-Patellar Ligament, i-Peatellar Ligament Ligament, i-patellar yePatellar iLimellar

I-Intracapsus Ligations

I-ANATATAREX LIGAM I-LIGAX, Postaight Ligamente

I-Ligases

I-ligament ye-Medical Countral, I-Ligament ye-Lateral Line, iPopliiquel Ligament, I-Ligali ye-Intanethi

I-08. Ukwamkelwa kweNtlawulo

Isakhiwo se-neurovascular

I-neurovascular equkethe ubugcisa be-poplimaal, i-vein yepoplite, kunye ne-tibial nerve

I-nerve eqhelekileyo ye-peroneal yisebe elilandelayo le-scaitic nerve.

I-09. Imisipha ehambelana nayo

I-Anter Landal

I-quadriceps iqulathe i-chamoris, i-vastuis ye-daresis, i-vastus ye-vastus, kunye ne-intermedius femoris.

Icala elingasemva

I-hamstrings

kubandakanya i-biceps femoris, i-semitendinus kunye ne-semimelembranos;

I-gastrocmius.

I-antermial

I-Tibiilis yangaphandle.

Imisipha egcina uzinzo lwe-quadriceps, kubandakanya i-quadriceps, izihlunu ze-quadles, i-hamstrings, i-bicemoral, i-biceral, i-bicendoris, kunye ne-semimele ye-semimele.

I-10. Uvavanyo lomzimba

1. Uvavanyo olubonakalayo

Qaphela ukuhamba kunye nolinganiso lwamalungu obuhlangane amadolo kwicala elichaphazelekayo kunye necala lesigulana, kwaye unikele ingqalelo nokuba ingaba i-vell yenzekile, kwaye ingaqhelekanga, njl. 3.

I-2. I-Palpresition

Jonga iintlungu kunye nendawo yokudumba, ubunzulu, ubunzulu kunye nendalo, kunye necala elichaphazelekayo kwisigulana kwisimo esihlaziyiweyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

I-3. Ukuhanjiswa

Jonga ukushukuma kwedolo elijoyine ngemisebenzi esebenzayo neyabagula isigulana.

4. Umlinganiso

Ukulinganisa ubude becandelo ngalinye lelungu kunye nobude be-limb, ukuntywila kwelungu lonke, amandla omsipha, ukuphulukana nendawo yokusebenza, kunye nokwenza iirekhodi kunye namanqaku.

I-5. Uviwo olukhethekileyo

 Uvavanyo lwePatellaring Patella: Qwalasela ukuba iflofsion kwi-subye yesigulana edibeneyo.

Ukuvavanya inkqubo

Emva kokuqinisa i-Suerapatellar ivumela amanzi ukuba aqokelele, ukuba kukho i-fluid ejongile, kwaye emva kokuba uxinzelelo lwesalathiso likhutshiwe, i-patella iya kutshona, i-patella iya kuba nemvakalelo ye-buoyant

-Ukuvavanyo lwedrawer: ukubona ukuba kukho umonakalo kwi-ligament ye-craine.

Uvavanyo lwangaphandle Umvavanyi nxamnye neenyawo zesigulana ukuze ulungiswe, izandla zibambe isiphelo se-tibial, tsala ithole le-LIIBE LEARK

Uvavanyo lweDolophu lwangaphakathi: Isigulana silele ngasemva, sigoba idolo nge-90 °, sibeka izandla zombini kwi-femur, kwaye ibeka isithupha se-birsor sel, esibonisa ukuba i-Posterical Line i-Prounter okanye iphakamisa ngokupheleleyo.

Uvavanyo lokugaya: Ukucacisa ukuba ukhona nawuphi na umonakalo kwiMenki yedolo.

Uvavanyo lokuGcina oluDibeneyo lwedolo

Isigulana sikwimeko eqhubekayo kunye nedolo elichaphazelekayo kwi-90 °.

1. Uvavanyo lokuphakamisa okujikelezayo

Umvavanyi ucinezela ithole kwithanga lesigulana kwaye ubambe isithende ngezandla zozibini ukuphakamisa ithole kwi-axis ye-cheitudinal yethole, ngelixa usenza intshukumo yangaphakathi nangaphandle; Ukuba iintlungu zenzeka kumacala omabini edolo, kukrokrelwa ukuba i-LIMINE ye-LIGGERE

I-2. Uvavanyo lokuhamba ngokujikelezayo

Umvavanyi ubambe unyawo lwelungu elichaphazelekayo ngezandla zozibini, ukuze idolo elichaphazelekayo liguqulwe nge-90 ° kwithole elithe tye ngenyawo phezulu. Emva koko tyhala idolo elidibeneyo ezantsi kwaye ujikeleze ithole ngaphakathi nangaphandle ngaxeshanye. Ukuba kukho iintlungu kwicala elingaphakathi nengaphandle kwedolo, ibonisa ukuba iMentiscus engaphakathi nayo yonakala.

Ukuba idolo likwi-floxion egqithisileyo, i-poststar uphonzy uphosko i-metiscus iyakrokrelwa; Ukuba ikwi-90 °, ukrokrelwa okuphakathi; Ukuba kwenzeka ukuba iintlungu xa usondela kwindawo ethe tye, ukuqhekeka koxinzelelo lwangaphandle kuyakrokrelwa.

-Ukuvavanywa koxinzelelo lwe-Lateral

Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwasemva kwamadolo luvavanyo lomzimba olusetyenziselwa ukukhangela i-ligarations ye-SATE.

Isikhundla: Isigulana silele wline ebhedini yoviwo, kwaye ilungu elichaphazelekayo lithathwe ngobunono ukuze umlenze ochaphazelekayo ubekwe ngaphandle kwebhedi.

Isikhundla esidibeneyo: Idolo libekwe kwindawo eyandisiweyo kunye ne-30 ° Inqanaba eliguqulweyo le-30 °.

Ukunyanzelwa kwesicelo: Kwizikhundla ezibini zedolo, umvavanyi uphakamisa umlenze ongezantsi wesigulana ngezandla zombini kwaye wenza uxinzelelo kumacala e-medional kunye ne-valigs kunye ne-xabicm kunye necala elisempilweni.

Ukuba iintlungu zenzeka edolweni phakathi kwenkqubo yokufaka uxinzelelo, okanye ukuba i-anglession ye-angle ifunyenwe ingaphandle koluhlu oluqhelekileyo kwaye kukho imvakalelo yokuphuma, iphakamisa ukuba kukho i-spyralling okanye i-rapture ye-spleral ligament ye-ligament. Xa uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwangaphandle lwe-ROORDS lulungile, lubonisa ukuba indlela ethe tye ayihambelaniyo, kwaye kunokubakho izilonda ze-ligament ye-Medical Countral, Mediscus kunye ne-cepsus edibeneyo; Xa uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwangaphakathi luvavanyo lulungile, lubonisa ukuba indlela ethe tye ayihambelaniyo, kwaye kunokubakho ukulimala kwi-fonitisiscus yangasemva okanye i-artilari.

I-11. I-TVE icinga

1. I-X-Ray Ray

isetyenziselwa ukukhangela ububi kunye ne-osteorthroarthroarthroarthroarthy. Ifilimu yobunzima

I-2. I-Emography yeTommo (CT)

I-CT Scans inokunceda ekufumaneni iingxaki zethambo kunye namaqhekeza obufihlakeleyo. Uhlobo olukhethekileyo lweskena le-CT lunokuchonga ngokuchanekileyo i-gout, nokuba ihlangelwano alinamsebenzi.

3. I-Ultrasound

Sebenzisa amaza esandi ukuvelisa imifanekiso yexesha lokwenyani yezakhiwo ezithambileyo ze-tissue ngaphakathi kwaye zijikeleze idolo. I-Ultrasound ingakhange ibumbele kutshintsho lwe-patologic efana ne-bony Mastos, i-carnovitis, i-synovitis, ifoslitealª, i-fosliiteal the the thessa, kunye nokuxhuzula i-fossal.

I-4. I-Magnetic Remoning icinga (Mri)

Olu vavanyo lunceda ekufumaneni izicubu ezithambileyo, ezinje nge-ligaments, iiteko, i-cartilage kunye nemisipha.

Uvavanyo lwelebhu: Ukuba ugqirha ukrokrela ukosuleleka okanye ugqirha, uvavanyo lwegazi kwaye ngamanye amaxesha i-arthrocentessis °, iprogram esusa isixa esincinci sohlalutyo, inokufuneka.

I-12. Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zentlungu edibeneyo

1. Ukulimala

I-Ligament ye-Ligament ye-LWIMIN efana ne-ANTARE ne-POSTERTERATER LIGAIN kwaye i-Ligament ye-Ligament ye-Ligament ye-LIGIX ukulimala kwe-menascus; I-patellar tesonitis kunye neenyembezi; I-Bone iqhekeza njalo njalo.

2. I-Arthritis enxulumene

I-Osteoarthritis ibangelwe kukunxiba kunye nokukrazula kwe-cartilage edibeneyo; I-Rheumatoid Arthritis ibangelwa limizimba yomzimba ehlasela amalungu; I-gout ibangelwa kukusekwa kweekristali ezivela kwi-acid ephezulu echaza amajoni.

I-3. Ezinye izizathu

I-Synovitis ibangela intlungu edibeneyo kunye nokudumba; Iingxaki zePatellar ezinje ngokususwa kunye nokunxiba i-cartilage; amathumba ahlasela umdibaniso; Edema ebangelwa kukuvuvukala, njl.; ukuma ixesha elide; I-Ilisiot Citia Syndrome ebangelwa kukungqubana okuphindaphindiweyo okhokelela kwintlungu ngaphandle kwedolo.

13. Iindlela ezisetyenziswayo zonyango ezisetyenziswayo

1.Conservative Unyango

-Sebenzisa kunye nokugrumba

-I-icord kunye ne-cinembuza eshushu

-Inyanga yonyango

-Ulungiso lwenyama

-Undlela unyango

-Kwenza ngezixhobo ezincedisayo

2.surgery

Utyando lwe--Arhroscopic

-Arhroplasty

3.Ukunyanga

-Izinyanga ze-China zeChiso

-Undlela yonyango